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Food insecurity and physical functioning in Boston area Puerto Rican older adults.

Lillian Kuehl1,2, Jong Soo Lee2,3, Deepika Dinesh1

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Food insecurity is linked to greater functional limitations in older Puerto Rican adults. Over time, food insecurity consistently correlated with higher Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) scores.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Public Health
  • Nutritional Epidemiology

Background:

  • Previous research indicates a connection between food insecurity and functional limitations in older US adults.
  • Functional limitations, measured by Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) scores, are critical indicators of health and independence in aging populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the longitudinal relationship between food security status and functional limitations (ADL and IADL) in a cohort of Puerto Rican adults in the Greater Boston area.
  • To determine if baseline food security influences the trajectory of functional limitations over a 5-year period.

Main Methods:

  • A longitudinal study design was employed, analyzing data from the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study.
  • Participants (n=1461) were followed for an average of 6.2 years, with assessments of food security, ADL, and IADL at baseline and over time.
  • Statistical analyses included cross-sectional comparisons and longitudinal linear mixed models to assess associations and changes over time.

Main Results:

  • At baseline, severe food insecurity was associated with significantly higher ADL and IADL scores compared to food security.
  • Longitudinal analysis revealed that participants with severe food insecurity at baseline exhibited greater functional limitations (higher ADL and IADL scores) over the 5-year follow-up period.
  • No significant interaction was found between baseline food security status and time, indicating that baseline food security did not alter the trajectory of ADL or IADL scores over 5 years.

Conclusions:

  • In this cohort of Boston-area Puerto Rican adults, food insecurity is consistently associated with higher levels of functional limitations (ADL and IADL) over time.
  • While food insecurity is linked to poorer functional status, the initial level of food security did not significantly impact the rate of change in functional limitations over the 5-year study period.