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Related Concept Videos

Transcriptional Regulation: Riboswitches01:23

Transcriptional Regulation: Riboswitches

Riboswitches are RNA elements that regulate gene expression by altering their secondary structures in response to specific effector molecules. These elements, located in the leader regions of certain mRNAs, act as transcriptional regulators by toggling between alternative conformations to control downstream gene expression. Riboswitch-mediated regulation is a precise mechanism for modulating biosynthetic pathways, as exemplified by the riboflavin biosynthesis pathway in Bacillus...
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
Translational Regulation01:29

Translational Regulation

Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...
Riboswitches01:56

Riboswitches

Riboswitches are non-coding mRNA domains that regulate the transcription and translation of downstream genes without the help of proteins. Riboswitches bind directly to a metabolite and can form unique stem-loop or hairpin structures in response to the amount of the metabolite present. They have two distinct regions – a metabolite-binding aptamer and an expression platform.
The aptamer has high specificity for a particular metabolite which allows riboswitches to specifically regulate...

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Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Assay for the Identification of Arabidopsis Protein-DNA Interactions In Vivo
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EOBII controls flower opening by functioning as a general transcriptomic switch.

Thomas A Colquhoun1, Michael L Schwieterman, Ashlyn E Wedde

  • 1Department of Environmental Horticulture, University of Florida Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.

Plant Physiology
|April 6, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The R2R3-MYB transcription factor EMISSION OF BENZENOIDS II (EOBII) is crucial for flower opening in plants. Reduced EOBII levels prevent anthesis and cause premature senescence, highlighting its foundational role in floral development.

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09:22

Rapid Synthesis and Screening of Chemically Activated Transcription Factors with GFP-based Reporters

Published on: November 26, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Molecular Genetics
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • R2R3-MYB transcription factors regulate diverse plant processes.
  • A specific R2R3-MYB TF was previously linked to floral volatile production.
  • The foundational role of such TFs in essential developmental processes remains largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the fundamental role of the R2R3-MYB transcription factor EMISSION OF BENZENOIDS II (EOBII) in plant development.
  • To characterize EOBII function in Petunia x hybrida and Nicotiana attenuata.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying EOBII's control over floral opening.

Main Methods:

  • Isolation and characterization of EOBII homologs from Petunia x hybrida (MD) and Nicotiana attenuata.
  • Stable RNA interference (RNAi) to reduce EOBII transcript levels.
  • Analysis of transcript accumulation for core phenylpropanoid and cell wall modifier genes.
  • Complementation studies using sucrose, t-cinnamic acid, and gibberellic acid.
  • Assessment of ethylene sensitivity's role in floral development.

Main Results:

  • EOBII transcript levels peak at flower opening in both species.
  • Reduced EOBII expression in RNAi lines prevents anthesis and causes premature flower senescence.
  • Altered transcript levels of phenylpropanoid pathway and cell wall modifier genes were observed in ir-EOBII flowers.
  • Partial complementation of ir-EOBII phenotype was achieved with specific nutrient feeding.
  • Blocking ethylene sensitivity rescued the anthesis defect in ir-EOBII flowers.

Conclusions:

  • The R2R3-MYB TF EOBII plays a fundamental and essential role in controlling flower opening (anthesis).
  • EOBII influences core metabolic pathways and cell wall modifications necessary for floral development.
  • Ethylene signaling is a key downstream pathway regulated by EOBII in floral opening.
  • This study reveals a critical TF controlling a fundamental process in angiosperm sexual reproduction.