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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
Forced Transdifferentiation01:28

Forced Transdifferentiation

Transdifferentiation, also known as lineage reprogramming, was first discovered by Selman and Kafatos in 1974 in silkmoths. They observed that the moths’ cuticle-producing cells transformed into salt-producing cells. Many such cases of natural transdifferentiation occur in organisms. In humans, pancreatic alpha cells can become beta cells. In newts, the loss of the eye’s lens causes the pigmented epithelial cells to transdifferentiate into the lens cells.
Artificial transdifferentiation occurs...
B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions01:29

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions

Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity (DTH), or Type IV hypersensitivity, is a cell-mediated immune response. It occurs when T cells, rather than antibodies, mediate a reaction to specific antigens. It is characterized by a delayed onset (1-2 days) and involves the recruitment of macrophages to the inflammation site.The initiation of a DTH response begins with the sensitization of T cells. During this phase, which lasts at least 1-2 weeks, antigen-specific T cells are activated, clonally expanded, and...
Differentiation of Common Myeloid Progenitor Cells01:15

Differentiation of Common Myeloid Progenitor Cells

Common myeloid progenitors (CMPs) are oligopotent cells that can differentiate into granulocytes and macrophages. Granulocytes and macrophages are essential for protecting the body against bacterial, viral, or fungal infections. They migrate from the bone marrow into the circulating blood to reach specific tissue sites where they differentiate and help in immune surveillance. However, they survive only for a few days and must be continuously made available to the organism to maintain a robust...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Mouse Na&#239;ve CD4+ T Cell Isolation and In vitro Differentiation into T Cell Subsets
07:12

Mouse Naïve CD4+ T Cell Isolation and In vitro Differentiation into T Cell Subsets

Published on: April 16, 2015

Th17 differentiation is the default program for DPP2-deficient T-cell differentiation.

Deanna A Mele1, James F Sampson, Brigitte T Huber

  • 1Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Physiology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA.

European Journal of Immunology
|April 7, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dipeptidyl peptidase 2 (DPP2) deficiency in T cells leads to hyperactivity and a default IL-17 production program. DPP2 is crucial for maintaining lymphocyte quiescence and preventing cell cycle entry.

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In Vitro Differentiation of Naive CD4+ T Cells into Pathogenic Th17 Cells in Mouse
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In Vitro Differentiation of Naive CD4+ T Cells into Pathogenic Th17 Cells in Mouse

Published on: October 25, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Dipeptidyl peptidase 2 (DPP2) is an N-terminal dipeptidase.
  • DPP2 plays a role in maintaining lymphocytes in a resting state.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the in vivo phenotype of T-cell-specific DPP2 knock-down (kd).
  • To analyze the functional consequences of DPP2 deficiency on T cells.

Main Methods:

  • Generation of T-cell-specific DPP2 knock-down (lck-DPP2 kd) mice.
  • Analysis of thymocyte development and peripheral T cell populations.
  • In vitro T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation and CD3-crosslinking assays.
  • In vivo priming and in vitro antigen-specific restimulation.

Main Results:

  • lck-DPP2 kd mice showed normal thymocyte development but a modest increase in peripheral T cells.
  • Peripheral T cells from lck-DPP2 kd mice exhibited hyperactivity upon TCR stimulation without activation markers.
  • CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells from mutant mice predominantly produced IL-17 after stimulation.
  • IL-17 was the primary cytokine secreted after in vivo priming and in vitro restimulation.

Conclusions:

  • DPP2 deficiency in T cells results in a default IL-17 production program.
  • DPP2 acts as a threshold regulator, preventing quiescent T cells from entering the cell cycle.
  • DPP2 is essential for maintaining T cell quiescence and regulating differentiation pathways.