Identification of interleukin 2, 6, and 8 levels around miniscrews during orthodontic tooth movement

The aim of this study was to identify the levels of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, and IL-8 around miniscrews used for anchorage during canine distalization. Sixteen patients (eight males and eight females; mean age, 16.6 ± 2.4 years) who were treated with bilateral upper first premolar extractions were included in the study. Thirty-two maxillary miniscrew implants were placed bilaterally in the alveolar bone between the maxillary second premolars and first molars as anchorage units for maxillary canine distalization. Three groups were constructed. The treatment, miniscrew, and control groups consisted of upper canines, miniscrew implants, and upper second premolars, respectively. Peri-miniscrew implant crevicular fluid and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) were obtained at baseline (T1) and at 1 (T2), 24 (T3), and 48 (T4) hours, 7 (T5) and 21 (T6) days, and 3 months (T7) after force application. Paired sample t-tests were used to determine within-group changes and Dunnett's t and Tukey's honestly significant difference tests for between-group multiple comparisons. During the 3 month period, IL-2 levels significantly increased (P < 0.01) but only in the treatment group after 24 hours. IL-6 levels were unchanged at all times points in the three groups. IL-8 levels increased significantly at 1 (P < 0.05), 24 (P < 0.01), and 48 (P < 0.01) hours in the treatment group and at 24 (P < 0.05) and 48 (P < 0.01) hours in the miniscrew group. It appears that miniscrews can be used for anchorage in orthodontics when correct physiological forces are applied.