Related Concept Videos
01:28Major Somatic Sensory Pathways
Sensory impulses related to touch, pressure, vibration, and proprioception from various body parts, such as the limbs, trunk, neck, and posterior head, travel to the cerebral cortex through the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway. The pathway’s name derives from the two white-matter tracts that convey the impulses: the spinal cord's posterior column and the brainstem's medial lemniscus. First-order sensory neurons extend their axons into the spinal cord, forming the posterior columns...
00:51Anatomical Movements
Anatomical movements refer to the various actions or motions that can be performed by the body's joints and muscles. These movements are described using specific terms to provide a standardized way of discussing and understanding the range of motion at different joints.
Here are some common anatomical movements:
Flexion and extension motions are in the sagittal (anterior–posterior) plane of motion. These movements take place at the shoulder, hip, elbow, knee, wrist, metacarpophalangeal,...
Here are some common anatomical movements:
Flexion and extension motions are in the sagittal (anterior–posterior) plane of motion. These movements take place at the shoulder, hip, elbow, knee, wrist, metacarpophalangeal,...
01:19Brainstem
The brainstem, located inferior to the brain and superior to the spinal cord, serves as a bridge between the cerebrum and the spinal cord. It plays a vital role in relaying information and controlling critical life functions. It comprises three primary regions: the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata.
The Midbrain
The midbrain is located beneath the diencephalon and connects the cerebrum with the lower parts of the brain. The cerebral peduncles are prominent midbrain structures that house the...
The Midbrain
The midbrain is located beneath the diencephalon and connects the cerebrum with the lower parts of the brain. The cerebral peduncles are prominent midbrain structures that house the...
01:24Muscle Coordination and Action
Muscle coordination is a complex and finely tuned process essential for smooth and purposeful movements like flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, and rotation. The human body orchestrates the actions of various muscles working in concert, each with a specific role. Four functional types describe how muscles work together: agonist, antagonist, synergist, and fixator.
Agonists
Agonist muscles, often called prime movers, are the primary muscles responsible for producing a specific movement.
Agonists
Agonist muscles, often called prime movers, are the primary muscles responsible for producing a specific movement.
01:19Muscles that Move the Head
The muscles that move the head are a dynamic and complex group of structures that work together to facilitate a wide range of head movements, including rotation, flexion, extension, and lateral bending.
The bilateral sternocleidomastoid, or SCM, and the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles are significant head flexors. The SCM muscles originate at the sternum and clavicle and attach to the mastoid process of the temporal bone. The SCM contracts bilaterally to bend the head forward, whereas...
The bilateral sternocleidomastoid, or SCM, and the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles are significant head flexors. The SCM muscles originate at the sternum and clavicle and attach to the mastoid process of the temporal bone. The SCM contracts bilaterally to bend the head forward, whereas...
01:27Diencephalon: Thalamus and Information Relay
The thalamus, often called “the gateway to the cerebral cortex,” is vital in processing and directing sensory and motor signals throughout the brain. Almost all inputs destined for the cerebral cortex, except for olfactory signals, are relayed through the thalamus. The thalamus is a sophisticated relay station, channeling information from various brain regions to the cerebral cortex, as well as a filter, prioritizing certain signals over others based on current physiological states or needs.
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Related Experiment Video
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11:54
Real-Time Proxy-Control of Re-Parameterized Peripheral Signals using a Close-Loop Interface
Published on: May 8, 2021
Mind and movement.
Herbert Heuer1, Sandra Sülzenbrück
1IfADo - Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Ardeystraße 67, 44139, Dortmund, Germany. heuer@ifado.de
Psychological Research
|April 9, 2011
Summary
Intentional and automatic processes interact during voluntary movements. Conscious intentions can influence, be overridden by, or combine with automatic processes for movement control.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Motor Control
- Cognitive Psychology
Background:
- Voluntary movements involve both conscious intentions and automatic processes.
- Understanding the interplay between these components is crucial for explaining purposeful actions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine the relationship between intentional and post-intentional (automatic) processes in voluntary movement preparation and execution.
- To explore how automatic processes are triggered by intentions and can become consciously accessible.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on intentional and post-intentional processes in motor control.
- Analysis of findings regarding the interaction and co-occurrence of conscious and automatic processes.
Main Results:
- Intentional and post-intentional processes are interleaved for effective movement control.
- Post-intentional processes can be triggered by intentions and sometimes become consciously perceived.
- Intentional interventions can be overridden by, interfere with, or independently add to automatic processes.
Conclusions:
- Voluntary movement control is a complex interplay of conscious and automatic processes.
- Automatic processes, though initiated by intention, can operate independently or influence conscious control.
- The interaction dynamics reveal flexibility in how intentions guide and are affected by automatic motor functions.