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Related Concept Videos

Antifungal Agents01:15

Antifungal Agents

Amphotericin B is a broad-spectrum antifungal agent that exploits structural differences between fungal and mammalian cell membranes. Its amphipathic structure—featuring a hydrophobic polyene-lactone ring and a hydrophilic region containing mycosamine and carboxylic acid groups—enables selective binding to ergosterol, a sterol predominantly found in fungal plasma membranes. This selective interaction underlies the drug’s antifungal activity, although weak binding to cholesterol contributes to...
Fungal Phylum Ascomycota01:28

Fungal Phylum Ascomycota

Phylum Ascomycota, a major division within the subkingdom Dikarya, comprises a diverse range of fungal species, including both unicellular yeasts and filamentous molds such as Aspergillus and Penicillium. These fungi thrive in a variety of habitats, from aquatic ecosystems to terrestrial environments, playing crucial ecological and economic roles.Morphology and ReproductionThe defining characteristic of Ascomycetes, commonly referred to as sac fungi, is the ascus—a sac-like structure that...
Antimicrobial Proteins01:23

Antimicrobial Proteins

Antimicrobial proteins are important components of the immune system. They aid the body in combating pathogens by either killing them directly or hindering their replication processes. Four main types of antimicrobial substances are interferons, the complement system, iron-binding proteins, and antimicrobial proteins.
Interferons
Interferons (IFNs) are proteins produced by lymphocytes, macrophages, and fibroblasts infected with viruses. While IFNs cannot prevent viruses from entering and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Histological Quantification to Determine Lung Fungal Burden in Experimental Aspergillosis
09:52

Histological Quantification to Determine Lung Fungal Burden in Experimental Aspergillosis

Published on: March 9, 2018

Cryptic Aspergillus nidulans antimicrobials.

Steve S Giles1, Alexandra A Soukup, Carrie Lauer

  • 1Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology
|April 12, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Fungal secondary metabolites (SMs) are often silent. A chromatin remodeling mutant activated cryptic SM clusters, revealing an emodin derivative with potent antimicrobial activity against human fungal pathogens and bacteria, likely via hydrogen peroxide generation.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Histological Quantification to Determine Lung Fungal Burden in Experimental Aspergillosis
09:52

Histological Quantification to Determine Lung Fungal Burden in Experimental Aspergillosis

Published on: March 9, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Mycology
  • Biochemistry
  • Antimicrobial drug discovery

Background:

  • Fungal secondary metabolites (SMs) are crucial for organism fitness but often remain uncharacterized due to silent gene clusters under standard laboratory conditions.
  • Investigating silent SMs is vital for discovering novel bioactive compounds and understanding fungal biology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To activate cryptic secondary metabolite gene clusters in Aspergillus nidulans using chromatin remodeling.
  • To identify and characterize the antimicrobial activities of metabolites produced by the activated clusters.

Main Methods:

  • Generation of a chromatin remodeling mutant in Aspergillus nidulans.
  • Purification and systematic testing of nine metabolites from the mutant.
  • Assessing antimicrobial activity against human fungal pathogens and bacteria.
  • Investigating the mechanism of action using catalase to evaluate reactive oxygen species involvement.

Main Results:

  • Activation of several cryptic SM gene clusters was achieved through chromatin remodeling.
  • An emodin derivative was identified with significant inhibitory effects on fungal spore germination and hyphal growth.
  • The identified compound also demonstrated efficacy against several bacterial species.
  • Catalase treatment reduced the compound's antimicrobial activity, suggesting a mechanism involving reactive oxygen species, specifically hydrogen peroxide.

Conclusions:

  • Chromatin remodeling is an effective strategy for inducing the expression of silent fungal secondary metabolite clusters.
  • The identified emodin derivative possesses broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties, offering potential for new therapeutic agents.
  • The antimicrobial activity is mediated, at least in part, by the generation of hydrogen peroxide.