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Ultrasonography01:17

Ultrasonography

Ultrasonography is an imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to visualize the body's internal structures. It is a non-invasive and safe procedure that does not involve the use of ionizing radiation, making it widely used in various medical fields. Ultrasonography is used to study heart function, blood flow in the neck or extremities, certain conditions such as gallbladder disease, and fetal growth and development.
During an ultrasonography procedure, a handheld device called a...
Assessment of the Abdomen III: Palpation01:23

Assessment of the Abdomen III: Palpation

Palpation is a crucial tactile examination method for assessing abdominal organs and detecting conditions like tenderness, distention, masses, or fluid. It involves both light and deep palpation techniques, each serving specific diagnostic purposes. Light palpation helps identify tenderness and other surface-level indicators, while deep palpation locates and assess abdominal masses and organ boundaries. A skilled professional can gather valuable insights through palpation, including evaluating...
Assessment of the Cardiovascular System III: Palpation01:27

Assessment of the Cardiovascular System III: Palpation

Palpation involves feeling the body to evaluate texture, size, consistency, and tenderness for assessing cardiovascular health. The following steps are organized in a head-to-toe order:
Jugular Venous Pressure (JVP) Measurement
Position the patient at a thirty- to forty-five-degree angle or in a semi-fowler's position. Look for the highest point of pulsation in the internal jugular vein and measure the vertical distance to the angle of Loius or sternal angle. A normal JVP is 3-4 cm above the...
Assessment of the Abdomen II: Percussion01:18

Assessment of the Abdomen II: Percussion

Percussion is a fundamental technique used to assess the liver, spleen, and abdominal organs by tapping the abdomen and interpreting the resulting sounds. This method helps identify fluid, distention, and masses through variations in sound, such as the high-pitched tympany of air-filled areas and the dullness of solid masses. Understanding how to percuss these organs provides valuable information for healthcare professionals in diagnosing conditions early.
Percussion
Percussion is an essential...
Ultrasound II: Endoscopic Ultrasound and FibroScan01:25

Ultrasound II: Endoscopic Ultrasound and FibroScan

Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS) and FibroScan are valuable diagnostic tools in gastroenterology and hepatology, each with specific applications and techniques.
Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS):
Two-Dimensional Microscopy in Microbiology01:29

Two-Dimensional Microscopy in Microbiology

Two-dimensional (2D) microscopy encompasses a range of optical techniques that capture images within a single focal plane, offering detailed representations of microscopic structures. These techniques are essential in biological and medical research, enabling the visualization of cellular and subcellular structures with different levels of contrast and specificity.There are several major types of 2D microscopy, each with strengths and applications.Bright-Field MicroscopyBright-field microscopy...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Quantitative Assessment Protocol for Facial Soft Tissue Volumetric Changes with Stereophotogrammetry
06:26

Quantitative Assessment Protocol for Facial Soft Tissue Volumetric Changes with Stereophotogrammetry

Published on: December 9, 2025

Assessing fundamental 2-dimensional understanding of basic soft tissue techniques.

Noel Jabbour1, Eric J Dobratz, Harley S Dresner

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology, Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA. jabb00005@umn.edu

Journal of Surgical Education
|April 13, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new written practical exam effectively assesses trainee skills in basic soft-tissue reconstruction techniques. The scoring system demonstrated high reliability and accurately identified skill levels among residents.

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Biomechanical Characterization of Human Soft Tissues Using Indentation and Tensile Testing
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Published on: December 13, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Medical Education
  • Surgical Skills Assessment
  • Otolaryngology Training

Background:

  • Assessing proficiency in basic soft-tissue reconstruction techniques is crucial for surgical trainees.
  • Objective evaluation methods are needed to standardize and improve training outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a written practical examination and scoring system for basic soft-tissue techniques.
  • To evaluate the reliability and accuracy of the developed assessment tool.

Main Methods:

  • A 15-minute written practical examination was created, assessing preoperative planning and postoperative results for six common soft-tissue techniques.
  • A scoring system (0-50 points) was developed with 10 items.
  • The examination was administered as a pretest, posttest, and 3-month posttest to otolaryngology residents.

Main Results:

  • Pretest scores significantly correlated with resident training level (junior vs. senior residents).
  • The scoring system demonstrated high intrarater reliability (r=0.99, κ=0.82) and interrater reliability (r=0.95, κ=0.77).

Conclusions:

  • The developed written practical examination and scoring system accurately assess trainee skills in basic soft-tissue techniques.
  • This tool can identify areas of deficiency for targeted training interventions.