Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Technique of Conjunctival Biopsy and Direct Immunofluorescence for Diagnosing Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid
Published on: June 17, 2025
Importance of proper diagnosis for management: multifocal choroiditis mimicking ocular histoplasmosis syndrome
Elham Hatef1, Peykan Turkcuoglu, Mohamed Ibrahim
1Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street-Maumenee 745, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
Purpose:
The study aims to evaluate a series of patients with initial diagnosis of ocular histoplasmosis syndrome (OHS) with progression and response to treatments consistent with multifocal choroiditis (MFC).
Methods:
Retrospective review of nine patients referred for management of recurrent OHS lesions. Serology panel was conducted to rule out autoimmune and infectious causes.
Results:
Clinical examination revealed multiple small, punched-out peripheral chorioretinal scars, and peripapillary atrophy. Histoplasma antigen/antibody was negative in all patients. Fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography confirmed active inflammation in five patients. Immunomodulatory therapy (IMT) was initiated to control active inflammation. While on IMT, visual acuity stabilized or improved in three patients with no recurrence of CNV or lesion activities over the follow-up period.
Conclusions:
MFC may initially masquerade as OHS. Clinical characteristics of recurrent MFC and absence of histoplasma titer may lead to consideration of IMT and other proper treatments for MFC.
Related Concept Videos
Glaucoma: Overview
Cryptococcal Meningitis
Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment
Trichomoniasis
Toxoplasmosis
