Current landscape of drug induced retinal vasculitis

Drug-induced retinal vasculitis (DIRV), a complex diagnostic entity, masquerades as infectious or primary autoimmune diseases. Delineating them is a daunting task. This update aims to consolidate clinical evidence focussing on characteristic "vascular signatures" using advanced multimodal imaging tools. Type III (immune complex-mediated) and Type IV (T-cell-mediated) hypersensitivity pathways were involved in diverse range of drugs causing DRIV. The critical therapeutic strategies are highlighted to prevent permanent ischemic damage. Advances in the recent metagenomic markers are added to aid the clinician from a practical standpoint to aid in preventive and personalised ophthalmic care.