[Fiber-reinforced composite in fixed prosthodontics]

Area of Science:

• Materials Science: Focuses on fiber reinforced composites (FRC) utilizing resin matrices with various fiber fillers (polyethylene, carbon, glass).
• Dental Materials: Explores FRC applications in direct (splinting, bridges) and indirect (laboratory-made fixed partial dentures - FPDs) dental approaches.

Context:

• Fiber reinforced composites enhance resin matrix properties, increasing flexural strength by 100-200 MPa.
• FRC materials can be configured with continuous, discontinuous, aligned, or randomly oriented fibers in unidirectional, woven, or braided architectures.
• The composite can be used as dry fibers or impregnated forms.

Purpose:

• To evaluate the application, indications, contraindications, and survival rates of fiber reinforced composite fixed partial dentures (FRC FPDs).
• To compare the clinical performance of FRC FPDs with traditional porcelain-fused-to-metal (PFM) FPDs.

Summary:

• Laboratory-fabricated FRC FPDs consist of an FRC substructure veneered with composite, suitable for interim restorations or cases with compromised abutments.
• Indications include aesthetic cases where metal-ceramics are unsuitable, with retention via adhesive cementation or as inlay-onlay/hybrid bridges.
• Contraindications involve poor hygiene, moisture control issues, parafunction, and extensive pontic spans (more than two).

Impact:

• FRC FPDs exhibit a 5-year survival rate of 75%, which is lower than PFM FPDs (95%), with common failures including framework fracture and veneer delamination.
• Despite lower survival rates, some FRC FPD failures are repairable, offering a potential advantage in specific clinical scenarios.
• Understanding FRC FPD limitations and failure modes is crucial for improving long-term clinical outcomes and material selection in restorative dentistry.