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Spatio-Temporal In Vivo Imaging of Ocular Drug Delivery Systems using Fiberoptic Confocal Laser Microendoscopy
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Assessment of direct ophthalmoscopy teaching using plastic canisters

Sophia Swanson1, Tina Ku, Calvin Chou

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, California 94121, USA.

Medical Education
|April 14, 2011
PubMed
Abstract

No abstract available in PubMed .

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Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems01:23

Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems

Ophthalmic drug delivery faces major limitations due to poor absorption across the corneal membrane. This process is primarily driven by diffusion and is influenced by two main factors: the physicochemical properties of the drug and tear drainage. Most ophthalmic drugs, such as pilocarpine, epinephrine, atropine, and local anesthetics, are weak bases. They are typically formulated at an acidic pH to enhance chemical stability. However, this leads to high ionization, reducing their ability to...