Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Learning Disabilities01:25

Learning Disabilities

Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings.
Diabetes Insipidus II: Pathophysiology01:22

Diabetes Insipidus II: Pathophysiology

Normally, water balance is maintained through three interconnected mechanisms: the hypothalamic thirst center, the synthesis and release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH, or vasopressin), and the kidneys' responsiveness to this hormone. ADH is synthesized in the hypothalamus, released from the posterior pituitary, and acts on the distal nephron, allowing water reabsorption and concentrated urine production.Diabetes Insipidus and Its TypesIn diabetes insipidus (DI), this regulatory system is...
The Micturition Reflex01:26

The Micturition Reflex

Urination, or micturition involves the coordination of the bladder's detrusor muscle and two sphincters to ensure controlled bladder emptying.
The process begins with bladder filling, where the bladder wall stretches as urine accumulates. This stretching activates the urine storage reflex, mediated by the sacral spinal segments and the pontine storage center. Efferent sympathetic impulses stimulate the detrusor muscle to relax and the internal urethral sphincter to contract, facilitating urine...
Disorders of the Urinary System01:20

Disorders of the Urinary System

The urinary system is responsible for eliminating waste and excess fluids from the body. However, disorders of the urinary system can arise due to various reasons like infections, stress, age, congenital abnormalities, and lifestyle.
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common urinary system disorders. They are caused by bacteria that enter the urethra and can spread to the bladder resulting in cystitis. Pyelonephritis is the result of a UTI that has ascended to the level of the...
Diabetes Insipidus I: Introduction01:29

Diabetes Insipidus I: Introduction

Definition Diabetes insipidus is a disorder marked by the production of large amounts of dilute urine because of impaired vasopressin production, release, or kidney response. The lack of effective vasopressin action limits water reabsorption in the renal collecting ducts, which leads to excessive urinary water loss and intense thirst.Clinical PresentationIndividuals with diabetes insipidus report persistent thirst and very high urine output. In severe cases, fluid intake can reach up to 20...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Trapped Between Fatigue and Feelings: How Paediatric OSAS Affects Physical Activity and Emotion Recognition.

European journal of paediatric dentistry·2026
Same author

ATP1A3-related syndromes: our case-series unveiling a dynamic, fever-triggered and overlapping array of neurological phenotypes.

Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology·2026
Same author

Black Hole Spectroscopy and Tests of General Relativity with GW250114.

Physical review letters·2026
Same author

Search for Postinflationary QCD Axions with a Quantum-Limited Tunable Microwave Receiver.

Physical review letters·2025
Same author

Tirbanibulin 1% real-world use in 679 actinic keratoses patients during warm season (SUMM-AK study).

Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV·2025
Same author

GW250114: Testing Hawking's Area Law and the Kerr Nature of Black Holes.

Physical review letters·2025
Same journal

Developmental and behavioral profile in a domestic adoptees sample: a new challenge for the pediatrician.

Minerva pediatrica·2020
Same journal

A new approach to the diagnosis of short stature.

Minerva pediatrica·2020
Same journal

Management of the main endocrine and diabetic disorders in children.

Minerva pediatrica·2020
Same journal

Kounis Syndrome: a pediatric perspective.

Minerva pediatrica·2020
Same journal

Human inborn errors of immunity caused by defects of receptor and proteins of cellular membrane.

Minerva pediatrica·2020
Same journal

Tall stature in children and adolescents.

Minerva pediatrica·2020
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties
12:55

Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties

Published on: September 27, 2020

Primary nocturnal enuresis and learning disability.

M Esposito1, M Carotenuto, M Roccella

  • 1Department of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Center for Sleep disorders in childhood, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.

Minerva Pediatrica
|April 14, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Children with primary nocturnal enuresis (bedwetting) have a significantly higher prevalence of mild reading difficulties. Enuresis is a strong risk factor for developing these learning challenges.

More Related Videos

Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale
19:15

Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale

Published on: August 25, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties
12:55

Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties

Published on: September 27, 2020

Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale
19:15

Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale

Published on: August 25, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Sleep Medicine
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Educational Psychology

Background:

  • Primary nocturnal enuresis (PNE) affects 6-10% of children aged 5-16, impacting emotional and relational development.
  • Understanding associated learning disorders is crucial for comprehensive child development support.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the prevalence of mild learning disorders in children with PNE.
  • To determine if enuresis is a risk factor for developing learning disabilities.

Main Methods:

  • Evaluated 25 children with PNE (age 7.59, frequency ≥3/week) using MT and Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised.
  • Compared reading abilities and cognitive performance with a control group of 54 children.
  • Utilized Chi Square and logistic regression analyses to assess statistical significance and risk.

Main Results:

  • Learning difficulties were significantly more prevalent in enuretic children (18/25) compared to controls (7/54).
  • Specific mild reading learning disorders, including "Attention request" and "Border-line level," were higher in the enuretic group.
  • Logistic regression indicated a 17.26-fold increased odd ratio for mild academic impairment in enuretic children.

Conclusions:

  • Enuretic children exhibit a higher prevalence of mild reading difficulties than their non-enuretic peers.
  • PNE is a significant risk factor associated with the development of mild learning impairments.