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Related Concept Videos

Suctioning the Oropharyngeal Airway01:25

Suctioning the Oropharyngeal Airway

In preparing for oropharyngeal airway suctioning, a nurse must gather all necessary equipment, including a suction unit with tubing, a prepackaged suction kit, sterile gloves, water or saline for irrigation, a water-soluble lubricant, and additional personal protective equipment (such as a gown, mask, and goggles) to control infections.
After assembling the equipment, the nurse should practice hand hygiene and don appropriate PPE according to infection control guidelines to avoid the...
Suctioning the Nasopharyngeal Airway01:29

Suctioning the Nasopharyngeal Airway

Nasopharyngeal suctioning is a procedure to remove secretions from the upper part of the respiratory tract that the patient cannot clear independently. It helps maintain airway patency and prevents complications such as aspiration pneumonia.
Equipment Required
Assessment of Ventilation II: Respiratory Depth and Rhythm01:29

Assessment of Ventilation II: Respiratory Depth and Rhythm

Respiratory Depth
Respiratory depth measures the volume of air inhaled or exhaled during a breath. It can vary from shallow to deep and typically remains consistent when a person is at rest or asleep. Occasionally, individuals will automatically inhale deeply, known as sighing, which inflates the lungs with more air than normal breathing.
To assess respiratory depth, observe the degree of chest excursion or movement:
Deglutition01:25

Deglutition

Swallowing, otherwise known as deglutition, facilitates the transport of food from the mouth to the stomach. It is a multifaceted process that involves both the tongue and the muscles of the throat and esophagus. Saliva and mucus aid in this process, which takes approximately 4 to 8 seconds for semi-solid or solid food and around 1 second for liquids or very soft food.
Swallowing can be divided into three stages: the voluntary phase, the pharyngeal phase, and the esophageal phase. Although the...
Pharynx01:20

Pharynx

The pharynx, a tubular structure framed by skeletal muscle and lined with mucous membrane, extends continuously from the nasal cavities. It is segmented into three major areas: the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx.
Nasopharynx
The nasopharynx, bordered by the conchae of the nasal cavity, serves exclusively as an air conduit. In its superior region, the pharyngeal tonsils or adenoids are located. These tonsils are clusters of lymphoid reticular tissue akin to a lymph node. The precise...
Assessment of the Mouth01:26

Assessment of the Mouth

A thorough mouth assessment, including inspection and palpation of the lips, gums, tongue, tonsils, uvula, and pharynx, is crucial in detecting potential health issues. Diseases ranging from oral cancer to systemic conditions like diabetes could be identified early through careful oral examination. This article provides a detailed guide on conducting a comprehensive mouth assessment.
Mouth Inspection
The inspection begins with visually examining the mouth for symmetry, color, and size.

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Velopharyngeal Anatomy and Speech Production in Cleft Palate Surrounding Primary Palatoplasty: Protocol for a Prospective Observational Pilot Study.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Hemi-laryngeal Setup for Studying Vocal Fold Vibration in Three Dimensions
10:13

Hemi-laryngeal Setup for Studying Vocal Fold Vibration in Three Dimensions

Published on: November 25, 2017

A simple technique for determining velopharyngeal status during speech production.

Kate Bunton1, Jeannette D Hoit, Keegan Gallagher

  • 1Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA. Bunton@u.arizona.edu

Seminars in Speech and Language
|April 15, 2011
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces nasal ram pressure (N-RamP) measurement, a simple and affordable method to assess velopharyngeal function during speech. This technique offers a valuable alternative for evaluating the velopharyngeal port status, especially for challenging patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Speech-Language Pathology
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Aerodynamics

Background:

  • Clinical assessment of velopharyngeal function often relies on subjective auditory judgments.
  • Existing instrumental methods for evaluating the velopharyngeal valve can be complex, costly, and inaccessible.
  • There is a need for more practical and affordable diagnostic tools in speech pathology.

Observation:

  • A novel aeromechanical approach using nasal ram pressure (N-RamP) sensing was developed.
  • N-RamP is measured at the anterior nares using a specialized two-pronged nasal cannula.
  • This technique monitors pressure variations during speech to infer velopharyngeal port status.

Findings:

  • The N-RamP signal effectively differentiates between an open and closed velopharyngeal port during speech.
  • The method proved successful in laboratory settings with difficult-to-test clients.
  • Case examples demonstrated the clinical utility and value of the N-RamP technique.

Implications:

  • N-RamP offers a minimally invasive, inexpensive, and interpretable method for evaluating velopharyngeal function.
  • This technique can enhance objective assessment in speech-language pathology.
  • Wider clinical adoption of N-RamP could improve diagnostic capabilities for velopharyngeal disorders.