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Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Identification of Post-translational Modifications of Plant Protein Complexes
Published on: February 22, 2014
Plant immunity: evolutionary insights from PBS1, Pto, and RIN4
Shuguo Hou1, Yifei Yang, Daoji Wu
1School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, China. biohou@sdjzu.edu.cn
Plants possess two immune layers: PAMPs-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI). Pathogen effectors evolved to evade PTI, driving ETI evolution via decoy targets, as exemplified by Pto, PBS1, and RIN4.
Area of Science:
- Plant Pathology
- Plant Immunity
- Evolutionary Biology
Background:
- Plants have a two-tiered immune system to combat phytopathogens.
- Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)-triggered immunity (PTI) relies on pattern recognition receptors (PRRs).
- Effector-triggered immunity (ETI) involves intracellular resistance (R) proteins recognizing pathogen type III secreted effectors (T3SEs).
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent advancements in understanding plant immunity evolution.
- To present viewpoints on how pathogen T3SEs drive the evolution of plant immunity.
- To discuss the Decoy Model using Pto, PBS1, and RIN4 as examples.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of recent progress on plant immunity.
- Analysis of the roles of Pto, PBS1, and RIN4 in plant defense.
- Examination of the evolutionary relationship between PTI and ETI.
Main Results:
- Pathogen T3SEs possess virulence functions by inhibiting PTI and avirulence functions by triggering ETI.
- The Decoy Model proposes that T3SE targets evolved as decoys to bind effectors, thus activating ETI.
- Evidence supporting the Decoy Model is presented through case studies.
Conclusions:
- Pathogen T3SEs are key drivers in the evolution of plant immune responses.
- The evolution of plant immunity is shaped by the interplay between pathogen effectors and plant resistance mechanisms.
- The Decoy Model provides a framework for understanding the co-evolution of plant immunity and pathogen virulence strategies.
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