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Related Concept Videos

Imaging Studies I: CT and MRI01:14

Imaging Studies I: CT and MRI

Introduction: MRI and CT scans are crucial advancements in medical imaging techniques, playing a vital role in diagnosing conditions related to the gastrointestinal (GI) system. Each scan serves distinct purposes, targets specific areas, and requires unique nursing duties.
Description of the Procedures
Computed Tomography (CT) scan:
Computed Tomography (CT) scans use X-ray technology to generate detailed images of bones, organs, and tissues. During the scan, the patient lies on a moving table...
Endoscopic Studies II: Thoracocentesis01:26

Endoscopic Studies II: Thoracocentesis

Thoracentesis(Thoracocentesis), commonly known as pleural tap, is a medical procedure where a 22 gauge needle is inserted into the pleural space, the area between the lung and chest wall. This procedure is commonly performed to diagnose or treat various respiratory disorders.
Description
Excess pleural fluid or air may accumulate in some respiratory disorders in the thoracic cavity. To treat pleural effusion, a physician conducts thoracentesis by carefully piercing the chest wall and entering...
Endotracheal Intubation I: Procedure01:15

Endotracheal Intubation I: Procedure

Endotracheal or ET intubation is a critical medical procedure used to secure a patient's airway, often in acute respiratory distress, apnea, upper airway obstruction, ineffective clearance of secretions, high risk for aspiration, or during general anesthesia.
The ET tube comprises various components, including a standard adaptor to attach a bag-valve-mask (BVM) or ventilator, a cuff, a pilot balloon, and radiopaque markings along its length to measure the insertion distance. The tube sizes...
Intestinal Obstruction II: Pathophysiology01:07

Intestinal Obstruction II: Pathophysiology

Intestinal obstruction triggers a series of physiological responses, starting with gas and fluid accumulation in the bowel segment proximal to the obstruction, leading to distension. This distended intestine compresses the diaphragm, hindering lung expansion and potentially leading to reduced respiratory effort, atelectasis, and pneumonia.To overcome the blockage, the gut intensifies contractions, causing colicky abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting, which reduces fluid and food intake and...
Cardiac Catheterization IV: Nursing Management01:26

Cardiac Catheterization IV: Nursing Management

Nursing responsibilities before cardiac catheterization include:Assess for allergies and establish baseline health status.Before cardiac catheterization, assess the patient for allergies to contrast dye. Perform a comprehensive baseline assessment, including vital signs, heart and breath sounds, and a neurovascular assessment of the extremities, noting distal pulses, skin color, and temperature. Instruct the patient to fast for 8-12 hours before the procedure. Evaluate baseline laboratory...
Endotracheal Intubation II: Nursing Management01:17

Endotracheal Intubation II: Nursing Management

Endotracheal intubation is a critical procedure that can be lifesaving for many patients with respiratory distress or failure. The role of nursing in managing endotracheal tubes is pivotal, as it involves pre-intubation preparation, assisting during the procedure, and post-extubation care.
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Before the endotracheal intubation procedure, nurses play an essential role in ensuring the process goes smoothly. The nurses must be familiar with intubation...

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Extinction Training During the Reconsolidation Window Prevents Recovery of Fear
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Extinction Training During the Reconsolidation Window Prevents Recovery of Fear

Published on: August 24, 2012

Distress at induction: prevention and consequences.

Andrew Davidson1, Ian McKenzie

  • 1Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia. andrew.davidson@rch.org.au

Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology
|April 16, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Reducing preoperative distress in children is crucial. While non-pharmacological methods offer modest benefits, sedative premedication, particularly alpha-2 adrenergic agonists, shows greater effectiveness in managing perioperative anxiety.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Anesthesiology
  • Child Psychology
  • Healthcare Quality Improvement

Background:

  • Hospitalization and surgical procedures induce significant distress in children.
  • Perioperative anxiety is a major concern, impacting immediate behavior and long-term outcomes.
  • Minimizing distress is increasingly recognized as a preventable and essential aspect of pediatric care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent research on reducing preoperative distress in children.
  • To evaluate the impact of interventions on behavior during anesthesia induction and long-term postoperative outcomes.
  • To highlight the importance of assessing and minimizing non-pain-related distress.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent research on pediatric perioperative anxiety and distress.
  • Assessment of new measures for evaluating anxiety in children.
  • Analysis of the efficacy of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions.

Main Results:

  • New anxiety assessment tools improve intervention efficacy evaluation.
  • Non-pharmacological interventions provide modest anxiety reduction; sedative premedication is more effective.
  • Alpha-2 adrenergic agonists like clonidine and dexmedetomidine offer sedation but have slow onset times.

Conclusions:

  • Improved anxiety measures will enhance clinical evaluation and future research.
  • The precise role of alpha-2 adrenergic agonists in premedication requires further clarification.
  • More research is needed on distress minimization techniques tailored to individual children and families.