Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Muscles of the Leg that Move the Foot and Toes01:28

Muscles of the Leg that Move the Foot and Toes

The human leg comprises an intricate system of muscles that facilitate the movement of feet and toes. Within this system, the muscles are categorized into the anterior, lateral, and posterior compartments, each with a unique set of muscles carrying out specific functions.
Anterior Compartment
The anterior compartment includes muscles that contribute to the dorsiflexion of the foot. This compartment houses the tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, and extensor digitorum longus muscles.
Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation01:21

Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation

Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...
Peripheral Artery Disease IV: Nursing Management01:26

Peripheral Artery Disease IV: Nursing Management

The nursing management of a patient with peripheral artery disease (PAD) begins with a thorough assessment of the patient’s health history and clinical manifestations.AssessmentHealth History: Evaluate the patient’s history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, family history of cardiovascular issues, and lifestyle factors such as dietary patterns, smoking, and physical activity.Physical Examination:Assess the affected extremity for decreased or absent peripheral pulses, temperature changes,...
Restless Leg Syndrome and Night Terrors01:27

Restless Leg Syndrome and Night Terrors

Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS), also known as Willis-Ekbom disease, is a neurological disorder characterized by an uncontrollable urge to move the legs due to uncomfortable sensations. These sensations typically occur during periods of rest or inactivity, particularly when lying down or sitting, and can severely disrupt sleep.
The exact cause of RLS is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve dopamine, a neurotransmitter that helps regulate muscle movement. Imbalances in dopamine levels...
Varicose Veins I: Introduction01:26

Varicose Veins I: Introduction

Varicose veins, or varicosities, are abnormally dilated and twisted superficial veins caused by venous valve incompetence. This condition commonly affects the lower extremities, especially the saphenous veins, due to the higher pressure from prolonged standing and walking. However, varicosities can also occur in other areas, such as the esophagus, vulva, spermatic cords, and anorectal region.Etiology and typesPrimary varicose veins, often idiopathic, are more common in women due to inherent...
Pulse Assessment Sites01:11

Pulse Assessment Sites

Pulse assessment sites are crucial in evaluating a patient's cardiovascular health. By assessing the pulsations of arteries at specific anatomical locations, healthcare professionals can gather valuable information about blood flow, heart rate, and peripheral circulation. Understanding these pulse assessment sites is essential for conducting comprehensive cardiovascular evaluations and monitoring patients' overall health. These sites are strategically chosen due to the accessibility and...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Segmental and Multifocal Isolated Dystonias: Similarities and Differences.

Movement disorders clinical practice·2025
Same author

Applying Wearable Sensors and Machine Learning to the Diagnostic Challenge of Distinguishing Parkinson's Disease from Other Forms of Parkinsonism.

Biomedicines·2025
Same author

Tremor in cervical dystonia.

Dystonia (Lausanne, Switzerland)·2024
Same author

Genetic Risk Factors in Isolated Dystonia Escape Genome-Wide Association Studies.

Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society·2024
Same author

Longitudinal predictors of health-related quality of life in isolated dystonia.

Journal of neurology·2023
Same author

Spirituality in Parkinson's Disease within a Sample from the USA.

Journal of religion and health·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

High-Resolution Three-Dimensional Imaging of the Footpad Vasculature in a Murine Hindlimb Gangrene Model
08:16

High-Resolution Three-Dimensional Imaging of the Footpad Vasculature in a Murine Hindlimb Gangrene Model

Published on: March 16, 2022

Painful legs and moving toes.

Stephen G Reich1

  • 1Department of Neurology, Maryland Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore 21201, USA. sreich@som.umaryland.edu

Handbook of Clinical Neurology
|April 19, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Painful legs-moving toes (PLMT) is a rare adult-onset disorder causing neuropathic leg pain and toe writhing. Its exact cause is unknown, but it may involve peripheral nerve issues and spinal cord changes.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Pain Medicine
  • Movement Disorders

Background:

  • Painful legs-moving toes (PLMT) is a rare adult-onset neurological disorder.
  • Characterized by neuropathic leg pain and involuntary writhing toe movements.
  • Variants include painless legs-moving toes and painful arms-moving fingers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the characteristics, potential pathophysiology, and treatment of PLMT.
  • To highlight the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges associated with this rare syndrome.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of case reports and studies on PLMT and related conditions.
  • Analysis of proposed pathophysiological mechanisms, including peripheral nerve lesions and central reorganization.
  • Summary of anecdotal treatment outcomes.

More Related Videos

Automated Gait Analysis in Mice with Chronic Constriction Injury
06:49

Automated Gait Analysis in Mice with Chronic Constriction Injury

Published on: October 17, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 2, 2026

High-Resolution Three-Dimensional Imaging of the Footpad Vasculature in a Murine Hindlimb Gangrene Model
08:16

High-Resolution Three-Dimensional Imaging of the Footpad Vasculature in a Murine Hindlimb Gangrene Model

Published on: March 16, 2022

Automated Gait Analysis in Mice with Chronic Constriction Injury
06:49

Automated Gait Analysis in Mice with Chronic Constriction Injury

Published on: October 17, 2017

Main Results:

  • PLMT is often unilateral or bilateral, with pain being the primary symptom.
  • Pathophysiology is unclear, but peripheral lesions leading to spinal cord reorganization are suggested.
  • Effective treatments are limited, with varied anecdotal success for medications like gabapentin, spinal blocks, and botulinum toxin injections.

Conclusions:

  • PLMT is a complex syndrome with an unknown etiology, likely involving both peripheral and central nervous system components.
  • Current treatment strategies are often unsatisfactory, necessitating further research into underlying mechanisms and therapeutic interventions.