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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features01:24

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features

Chronic bronchitis is a key phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by airway-centered inflammation and mucus overproduction. It develops from long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases, most commonly cigarette smoke, which triggers a persistent inflammatory response.Cellular and Structural ChangesInflammation initially affects the large bronchi and later the smaller airways, with infiltration by immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, and...
The Bronchial Tree01:23

The Bronchial Tree

The human bronchi and bronchial tree play a crucial role in the respiratory system, facilitating the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Let's delve into the intricate structure and functions of these respiratory components.
The trachea, commonly known as the windpipe, is a tube that connects the larynx (voice box) to the bronchi. At a point called the carina, it bifurcates into two primary bronchi. The right primary bronchus is wider, shorter, and more vertical than the left primary...
Tuberculosis01:23

Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health concern, primarily targeting the lungs and spreading through airborne transmission. Infection begins when aerosolized droplet nuclei, expelled by an individual with active TB, are inhaled by another person. These microscopic particles carry Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of TB. Upon reaching the alveoli, the bacilli are engulfed by alveolar macrophages. However, due to their specialized lipid-rich cell wall, these pathogens...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease I: Introduction01:23

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease I: Introduction

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a common, preventable, and treatable respiratory disorder characterized by persistent symptoms and progressive airflow limitation. This limitation results from a combination of small-airway disease (obstructive bronchiolitis) and parenchymal destruction (emphysema), both driven by chronic inflammation from exposure to harmful particles or gases.The disease includes two main pathological entities: emphysema, marked by destruction of alveolar walls and...

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Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Systematic Endobronchial Ultrasound - The Six Landmarks Approach
05:22

Systematic Endobronchial Ultrasound - The Six Landmarks Approach

Published on: August 11, 2023

Endobronchial tuberculosis: an overview.

Q Xue1, N Wang, X Xue

  • 1Respiratory Diseases Department , Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Rd, 100853 Beijing, China.

European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases : Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology
|April 19, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Endobronchial tuberculosis (EBTB) is an increasing pulmonary tuberculosis type causing airway stenosis. Early bronchoscopy and aggressive treatment are crucial for eradicating Mycobacterium tuberculosis and preventing complications.

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Last Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Systematic Endobronchial Ultrasound - The Six Landmarks Approach
05:22

Systematic Endobronchial Ultrasound - The Six Landmarks Approach

Published on: August 11, 2023

Substernal Thyroid Biopsy Using Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration
10:19

Substernal Thyroid Biopsy Using Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration

Published on: November 10, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Pulmonology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Endobronchial tuberculosis (EBTB) incidence is rising.
  • EBTB can cause tracheobronchial stenosis, leading to severe complications and prolonged infectiousness.
  • Diagnostic challenges arise from non-specific symptoms and low sputum smear positivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the importance of early diagnosis and treatment of EBTB.
  • To emphasize the need for prompt bronchoscopy in suspected cases.
  • To outline the primary treatment goals for EBTB.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical and diagnostic challenges in EBTB.
  • Emphasis on etiological confirmation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
  • Highlighting the role of bronchoscopy in diagnosis.

Main Results:

  • EBTB can lead to intractable tuberculosis and death if not diagnosed and treated promptly.
  • Delayed diagnosis is common due to non-specific findings.
  • Early intervention is critical to prevent disease progression.

Conclusions:

  • Early diagnosis of EBTB is essential for effective management.
  • Bronchoscopy should be performed early in suspected patients.
  • Treatment goals include eradicating Mycobacterium tuberculosis and preventing tracheobronchial stenosis.