Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Hearing01:31

Hearing

When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.
The Auditory Ossicles01:11

The Auditory Ossicles

The auditory ossicles of the middle ear transmit sounds from the air as vibrations to the fluid-filled cochlea. The auditory ossicles consist of two malleus (hammer) bones, two incus (anvil) bones, and two stapes (stirrups), one on each side. These bones develop during the fetal stage and are the ones to ossify first. They are fully mature at birth and do not grow afterward.
The aptly named stapes look very much like a stirrup. The three ossicles are unique to mammals, and each plays a role in...
Auditory Perception01:17

Auditory Perception

The auditory system is essential for sound perception, utilizing various critical structures. When sound waves enter the outer ear, they travel through the ear canal and cause the eardrum to vibrate. These vibrations are then transmitted to the middle ear, where three tiny bones – the malleus, incus, and stapes – amplify the sound. This amplification is crucial, as it ensures that the sound vibrations are strong enough to be conveyed to the inner ear. These vibrations then reach the cochlea, a...
Anatomy of the Ear01:16

Anatomy of the Ear

Auditory sensation, commonly called hearing, involves the transformation of sonic waves into neural impulses facilitated by the structures of the auditory organ. The prominent, flesh-like structure on the side of the head, called the auricle, directs sound waves towards the auditory canal. The auricle is often mislabeled as the pinna, a term more aligned with mobile structures like a feline's external ear. The auditory canal penetrates the cranium via the external auditory meatus of the...
Perception of Sound Waves01:01

Perception of Sound Waves

The human ear is not equally sensitive to all frequencies in the audible range. It may perceive sound waves with the same pressure but different frequencies as having different loudness. Moreover, the perception of sound waves depends on the health of an individual's ears, which decays with age. The health of one's ears may also be affected by regular exposure to loud noises.
The pitch of a sound depends on the frequency and the pressure amplitude of the source. Two sounds of the same frequency...
Sound Waves: Interference00:53

Sound Waves: Interference

Sound waves can be modeled either as longitudinal waves, wherein the molecules of the medium oscillate around an equilibrium position, or as pressure waves. When two identical waves from the same source superimpose on each other, the combination of two crests or two troughs results in amplitude reinforcement known as constructive interference. If two identical waves, that are initially in phase, become out of phase because of different path lengths, the combination of crests with troughs...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The calcimimetic etelcalcetide restores cardiac function in chronic hyperphosphatemia via calcium sensing receptor-cAMP activation.

Kidney international·2026
Same author

Conjoined Parasitic Twins (Cephalo-Thoracopagus Parasiticus) in a Free Ranging Northern Bat (Eptesicus nilssonii): A Micro-CT Anatomic and Genetic Survey.

Anatomia, histologia, embryologia·2026
Same author

Does vaginal bacterial colonization contribute to preterm birth in women with asymptomatic shortened cervix?

Archives of gynecology and obstetrics·2024
Same author

Assessment of the intrasinusidal volume before and after maxillary sinus augmentation using mri - a pilot study of eight patients.

BMC oral health·2024
Same author

[Aerosols and SARS-CoV-2: Statement of the "Expert Group Aerosols" on the development, infectivity, spread and reduction of airborne, virus-containing particles in the air].

Gesundheitswesen (Bundesverband der Arzte des Offentlichen Gesundheitsdienstes (Germany))·2021
Same author

["Online from tomorrow on please": comparison of digital framework conditions of curricular teaching at national university ENT clinics in times of COVID-19 : Digital teaching at national university ENT clinics].

HNO·2020

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Neuro-rehabilitation Approach for Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss
09:44

Neuro-rehabilitation Approach for Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss

Published on: January 25, 2016

[Hearing protectors in musicians].

B Richter1, M Zander, B Hohmann

  • 1Freiburger Institut für Musikermedizin, Musikhochschule Freiburg, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Breisacherstrasse 60, 79106, Freiburg, Deutschland. bernhard.richter@uniklinik-freiburg.de

HNO
|April 19, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Musicians face hearing risks from high sound levels. This article reviews current knowledge on sound pressure, risks, and hearing protection for professional musicians, especially after new EU noise exposure guidelines.

More Related Videos

Modified Experimental Conditions for Noise-Induced Hearing Loss in Mice and Assessment of Hearing Function and Outer Hair Cell Damage
07:13

Modified Experimental Conditions for Noise-Induced Hearing Loss in Mice and Assessment of Hearing Function and Outer Hair Cell Damage

Published on: February 10, 2023

A Lightweight, Headphones-based System for Manipulating Auditory Feedback in Songbirds
10:13

A Lightweight, Headphones-based System for Manipulating Auditory Feedback in Songbirds

Published on: November 26, 2012

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Neuro-rehabilitation Approach for Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss
09:44

Neuro-rehabilitation Approach for Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss

Published on: January 25, 2016

Modified Experimental Conditions for Noise-Induced Hearing Loss in Mice and Assessment of Hearing Function and Outer Hair Cell Damage
07:13

Modified Experimental Conditions for Noise-Induced Hearing Loss in Mice and Assessment of Hearing Function and Outer Hair Cell Damage

Published on: February 10, 2023

A Lightweight, Headphones-based System for Manipulating Auditory Feedback in Songbirds
10:13

A Lightweight, Headphones-based System for Manipulating Auditory Feedback in Songbirds

Published on: November 26, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Occupational Health
  • Acoustics

Context:

  • Musicians are frequently exposed to high sound levels, raising concerns about hearing preservation.
  • The European Commission's 2008 "Noise" directive (2003/10/EC) established noise exposure limits for professional musicians, increasing the topic's relevance.

Purpose:

  • To provide an overview of the current understanding of sound pressure levels in relation to musicians' hearing.
  • To outline the associated hearing risks for musicians.
  • To discuss the utilization of hearing protection strategies within this demographic.

Summary:

  • This article synthesizes recent findings on sound pressure levels experienced by musicians.
  • It details the specific auditory risks inherent in professional musical performance.
  • The review covers available hearing protection methods and their application for musicians.

Impact:

  • Informs ENT physicians and specialists in musician's medicine about current hearing protection knowledge.
  • Aids in developing targeted strategies for mitigating hearing damage in professional musicians.
  • Contributes to occupational health and safety standards for the music industry.