The predictability of suicidal behavior: the results of a meta-analysis of published studies

Using a method of literature review known as meta-analysis, 81 articles were selected describing comparative research into possible differences between two or more of the following groups: nonsuicidals, suicide ideators, first-ever attempters, nonlethal repeaters, and suicides. Differential characteristics are described per comparison category. On the basis of their review, the authors conclude that, generally speaking, suicide prediction research has made little headway over the past 25 years. The many problems in this field of research are discussed and suggestions for improvements are offered; for example, a uniform definition and standardized measurement of variables are outlined, and standard requirements for designs of studies on suicide prediction are formulated.