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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the progression...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
Tuberculosis01:23

Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health concern, primarily targeting the lungs and spreading through airborne transmission. Infection begins when aerosolized droplet nuclei, expelled by an individual with active TB, are inhaled by another person. These microscopic particles carry Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of TB. Upon reaching the alveoli, the bacilli are engulfed by alveolar macrophages. However, due to their specialized lipid-rich cell wall, these pathogens...

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A High-throughput Compatible Assay to Evaluate Drug Efficacy against Macrophage Passaged Mycobacterium tuberculosis
10:29

A High-throughput Compatible Assay to Evaluate Drug Efficacy against Macrophage Passaged Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Published on: March 24, 2017

Tuberculosis assays: past, present and future.

Novel N Chegou1, Kim G P Hoek, Magdalena Kriel

  • 1DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research and MRC Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, PO Box 19063, Francie van Zijl Drive, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa.

Expert Review of Anti-Infective Therapy
|April 21, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New TB diagnostics like Xpert MTB/RIF offer faster results but lack point-of-care availability. Host markers show promise for difficult cases, improving active tuberculosis detection.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Diagnostics
  • Infectious Disease Epidemiology

Background:

  • Tuberculosis (TB) diagnostics are evolving with new molecular assays.
  • Current diagnostics face limitations in point-of-care accessibility and universal applicability.
  • Active TB identification remains a challenge, particularly in vulnerable populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in TB diagnostics.
  • To highlight the potential of emerging diagnostic tools and approaches.
  • To identify unmet needs in the TB diagnostic pipeline.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent developments in TB diagnostic technologies.
  • Analysis of the Xpert MTB/RIF assay's field performance.
  • Exploration of host-marker based diagnostic strategies.

Main Results:

  • The Xpert MTB/RIF assay improves speed and accuracy but is not yet point-of-care.
  • No single diagnostic test is universally applicable to all TB patients.
  • Microbiological and molecular approaches show promise for improved TB detection.
  • Host markers are a promising avenue for TB diagnosis in specific patient groups.

Conclusions:

  • While progress has been made, point-of-care and universally applicable TB diagnostics are still needed.
  • Host markers offer a potential solution for diagnosing TB in challenging cases, including pediatric, HIV-infected, and extrapulmonary TB.
  • Continued innovation in the TB diagnostic pipeline is crucial for global TB control efforts.