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Bacterial Gastroenteritis

Bacterial gastroenteritis, characterized by diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and vomiting, is often caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water and is frequently associated with pathogenic Escherichia coli strains. These microbes exploit two principal mechanisms to inflict disease.Shiga toxin–producing E. coli, also referred to as STEC—notably O157:H7—release Shiga toxins that target ribosomes, blocking protein synthesis. The B subunit of the toxin binds the host glycolipid receptor...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis01:27

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis

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Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease

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Updated: Jun 2, 2026

In Vitro Apical-Out Enteroid Model of Necrotizing Enterocolitis
09:11

In Vitro Apical-Out Enteroid Model of Necrotizing Enterocolitis

Published on: June 8, 2022

Necrotizing enterocolitis: an update.

Loren Berman1, R Lawrence Moss

  • 1Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8062, USA.

Seminars in Fetal & Neonatal Medicine
|April 26, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), a serious neonatal condition, has high mortality. Prevention strategies like human milk feeding and probiotics show promise in reducing NEC incidence and improving infant outcomes.

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A Novel Human Epithelial Enteroid Model of Necrotizing Enterocolitis
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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 2, 2026

In Vitro Apical-Out Enteroid Model of Necrotizing Enterocolitis
09:11

In Vitro Apical-Out Enteroid Model of Necrotizing Enterocolitis

Published on: June 8, 2022

Microfluidic Model of Necrotizing Enterocolitis Incorporating Human Neonatal Intestinal Enteroids and a Dysbiotic Microbiome
06:51

Microfluidic Model of Necrotizing Enterocolitis Incorporating Human Neonatal Intestinal Enteroids and a Dysbiotic Microbiome

Published on: July 28, 2023

A Novel Human Epithelial Enteroid Model of Necrotizing Enterocolitis
08:42

A Novel Human Epithelial Enteroid Model of Necrotizing Enterocolitis

Published on: April 10, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Pediatric Gastroenterology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a critical illness in neonatal intensive care units with a 15-30% mortality rate.
  • Its development is multifactorial, involving immune system overreaction, increased intestinal permeability, bacterial translocation, and sepsis.
  • Current therapeutic targets for NEC remain elusive, despite the involvement of numerous inflammatory mediators.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the current understanding of Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC) pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management.
  • To highlight evidence-based strategies for NEC prevention.
  • To emphasize the importance of preventive measures in reducing NEC-related mortality and morbidity.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC).
  • Analysis of diagnostic criteria including physical examination, laboratory studies, and abdominal radiographs.
  • Evaluation of preventive strategies such as human breast milk feeding, feeding advancement, and probiotic administration.

Main Results:

  • NEC typically manifests in the second week of life following enteral feeding initiation.
  • Diagnosis relies on clinical findings, lab results, and imaging, with potential need for surgical intervention.
  • Long-term complications in survivors include short bowel syndrome, growth issues, and neurodevelopmental delays.

Conclusions:

  • Prevention strategies, including human breast milk, careful feeding, and probiotics, are crucial for decreasing NEC incidence.
  • Preventive measures offer the greatest potential for impact, as therapeutic advancements for established NEC are limited.
  • Focusing on prevention is key to reducing the significant mortality and morbidity associated with Necrotizing Enterocolitis.