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Cigarette smoke condensate exposure delays follicular development and function in a stage-dependent manner
Jean Clair Sadeu1, Warren G Foster
1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
Objective:
To determine the effects of cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) on follicular development and function from the early preantral stage through ovulation.
Design:
Prospective laboratory study.
Setting:
Academic research environment.
Animal(S):
Female F1 hybrid (C57BL/6j×CBA/Ca) mice.
Intervention(S):
Mouse early preantral follicles (100-130 μm) were exposed to increasing concentrations of CSC (0 μg/mL [control] to 130 μg/mL) during in vitro growth and ovulation.
Main Outcome Measure(S):
Follicular development, follicle survival, gonadal steroid output, expansion of the cumulus-oocyte complex, oocyte growth, and maturation.
Result(S):
Cigarette smoke condensate exposure significantly inhibited follicular development in the preantral and antral stage and decreased follicle survival at 90 μg CSC/mL and higher. Estradiol output was significantly lower in CSC-exposed (90 and 130 μg/mL) follicles. Before ovulation, CSC significantly increased P output, which decreased thereafter. Cigarette smoke condensate exposure reduced cumulus-oocyte complex expansion and subsequently reduced the number of polar body oocytes.
Conclusion(S):
Cigarette smoke condensate exposure inhibits follicle development and leads to premature luteinization of the preovulatory follicle, with decreased oocyte maturation in a mouse isolated follicle culture system that mimics murine folliculogenesis in vivo.
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