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Single-layer behavior and its breakdown in twisted graphene layers.

A Luican¹, Guohong Li, A Reina

¹Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08855, USA.

Physical Review Letters

|April 27, 2011

Summary

We studied twisted graphene layers using scanning tunneling microscopy. Smaller twist angles localized Dirac fermions and revealed unexpected electron-hole asymmetry.

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Area of Science:

Condensed Matter Physics
Materials Science
Nanoscience

Background:

Graphene's unique electronic properties stem from its massless Dirac fermions.
Twisted bilayer graphene (TBG) introduces novel electronic states dependent on the twist angle.
Understanding carrier behavior in TBG is crucial for next-generation electronic devices.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the electronic properties of twisted graphene layers grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD).
To analyze the impact of varying twist angles on carrier behavior and electronic spectra.
To explore the emergence of van Hove singularities and electron-hole asymmetry in TBG.

Main Methods:

High magnetic field scanning tunneling microscopy (STM).
Landau level spectroscopy.
Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) for growing twisted graphene layers.

Main Results:

For twist angles > 3°, low energy carriers exhibit Landau level spectra characteristic of massless Dirac fermions.
Above 20° twist angle, graphene layers decouple, showing properties similar to single-layer graphene.
Smaller twist angles lead to a slowdown in carrier velocity, angle-dependent behavior, and localization of Dirac fermions due to van Hove singularities.
An unexpected and significant electron-hole asymmetry was observed, exceeding that in single or untwisted bilayer graphene.

Conclusions:

Twist angle critically controls the electronic properties of graphene bilayers, from decoupling to carrier localization.
Twist-induced van Hove singularities play a significant role in the electronic behavior at small angles.
The observed large electron-hole asymmetry in TBG presents a new phenomenon requiring further theoretical and experimental investigation.