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Related Concept Videos

Surface Tension01:24

Surface Tension

Surface tension is defined as the force per unit length (γ) acting along the surface of a liquid. It arises due to strong intermolecular forces of attraction. A molecule located inside the bulk of the liquid is surrounded by other molecules and experiences equal forces in all directions. However, a molecule at the surface experiences unbalanced forces because there are more neighboring molecules below than above. This creates a net inward force that pulls surface molecules toward the interior,...
Theories of Dissolution: The Danckwerts' Model and Interfacial Barrier Model01:09

Theories of Dissolution: The Danckwerts' Model and Interfacial Barrier Model

Various dissolution theories provide insight into the factors that influence the dissolution rate. Danckwerts' Model suggests that turbulence, rather than a stagnant layer, characterizes the dissolution medium at the solid-liquid interface. In this model, the agitated solvent contains macroscopic packets that move to the interface via eddy currents, facilitating the absorption and delivery of the drug to the bulk solution. The regular replenishment of solvent packets maintains the concentration...
Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing02:39

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing

Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...
Surface Tension, Capillary Action, and Viscosity02:57

Surface Tension, Capillary Action, and Viscosity

Surface Tension
The various IMFs between identical molecules of a substance are examples of cohesive forces. The molecules within a liquid are surrounded by other molecules and are attracted equally in all directions by the cohesive forces within the liquid. However, the molecules on the surface of a liquid are attracted only by about one-half as many molecules. Because of the unbalanced molecular attractions on the surface molecules, liquids contract to form a shape that minimizes the number...
SNAREs and Membrane Fusion01:43

SNAREs and Membrane Fusion

Once a transport vesicle has recognized its target organelle, the vesicular membrane needs to fuse with the target membrane to unload the cargo. Transmembrane proteins called SNAREs present on organelle membranes and their vesicles, mediate vesicle fusion.
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Mechanisms of Membrane Domain Formation00:59

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Different physical properties of lipids and proteins allow them to localize and form distinct islands or domains in the membrane. Some membrane domains are formed due to protein-protein interactions, whereas others are formed due to the presence of specific lipids such as sphingolipids and sterols—for example, large proteins, such as bacteriorhodopsin, aggregate and create distinct domains.
Another mechanism for membrane domain formation involves membrane proteins interacting with cytoskeletal...

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Multiscale Structures Aggregated by Imprinted Nanofibers for Functional Surfaces
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Published on: September 11, 2018

Unifying interfacial self-assembly and surface freezing.

B M Ocko1, H Hlaing, P N Jepsen

  • 1Condensed Matter Physics & Materials Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA. ocko@bnl.gov

Physical Review Letters
|April 27, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Monolayers at the alkanol-sapphire interface exhibit reversible melting and desorption approximately 30-35°C above bulk temperature. This behavior balances molecule-substrate and intermolecular forces, offering insights into interfacial phenomena.

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Area of Science:

  • Surface science
  • Materials science
  • Thermodynamics

Background:

  • Understanding interfacial phenomena is crucial for materials design.
  • Monolayers exhibit unique properties influenced by substrate interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the phase behavior of alkanol monolayers on sapphire.
  • To characterize the interactions governing monolayer stability and transitions.

Main Methods:

  • X-ray investigations were employed to study monolayer structure.
  • Thermodynamic modeling was used to rationalize phase behavior.

Main Results:

  • Monolayers are densely packed with surface-normal molecules hydrogen-bound to sapphire.
  • Reversible melting and partial desorption occur 30-35°C above bulk temperature.
  • Interfacial interactions are balanced, creating an intermediate state between self-assembled and surface-frozen monolayers.

Conclusions:

  • The system's phase behavior is governed by interfacial interactions, elasticity, and entropy.
  • The monolayer remains structurally intact when the substrate is separated from the melt.