Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Drug toxicity: Idiosyncratic Reactions

Drug toxicity: Idiosyncratic Reactions

Idiosyncratic drug reactions represent abnormal chemical responses that vary significantly among individuals, ranging from extreme sensitivity to low doses to insensitivity to high doses. These reactions often occur due to the drug's covalent binding with serum proteins, forming a foreign hapten that triggers an immunotoxicological response. The variability in drug reactions has a strong pharmacogenetic foundation, with genetic differences crucial in how individuals metabolize drugs. For...

Vitamins

Vitamins

Vitamins, derived from the Latin word for life, are essential organic substances required in small quantities for optimal growth and overall well-being. Unlike other organic nutrients, vitamins don't act as sources of energy or building materials but rather facilitate these nutrients' utilization by the body. Vitamins are predominantly coenzymes, assisting enzymes in specific chemical actions, like the oxidation of glucose for energy involving B vitamins. Most vitamins are not produced in our...

Pharmacogenetics of Phase II Enzymes: N-acetyltransferase, Thiopurine S-methyltransferase, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase

Pharmacogenetics of Phase II Enzymes: N-acetyltransferase, Thiopurine S-methyltransferase, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase

Phase II biotransformation reactions are essential for detoxifying and eliminating xenobiotics, including many pharmaceutical compounds. These reactions typically involve conjugation, the covalent attachment of polar endogenous groups such as glucuronic acid, sulfate, methyl, or acetyl moieties to functional groups introduced during Phase I metabolism. The resulting conjugates are more water-soluble, enabling efficient renal or biliary excretion.The major classes of Phase II enzymes include...

Aryldiazonium Salts to Azo Dyes: Diazo Coupling

Aryldiazonium Salts to Azo Dyes: Diazo Coupling

The reaction of weakly electrophilic aryldiazonium (also called arenediazonium) salts with highly activated aromatic compounds leads to the formation of products with an —N=N— link, called an azo linkage. This reaction, presented in Figure 1, is known as diazo coupling and occurs without the loss of the nitrogen atoms of the aryldiazonium salt. Highly activated aromatic compounds such as phenols or arylamines favor the diazo coupling reaction. The coupling generally occurs at the para position.

Hepatic Encephalopathy

Hepatic Encephalopathy

DefinitionHepatic encephalopathy is a reversible neurologic syndrome that results from advanced liver dysfunction or portosystemic shunting. It leads to disturbances in cognition, behavior, and motor function due to the brain’s exposure to gut-derived toxins that the liver fails to detoxify.EtiologyThis condition develops either in the setting of acute fulminant hepatitis or progressively during chronic liver disease, such as cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Portosystemic shunting—including...

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Demodicosis: A frequently underrecognized cause of recalcitrant ear pruritus.

Dermatology online journal·2026

Same author

Dermatosurgical approach to the ear.

Clinics in dermatology·2026

Same author

Algorithmic approach to skin diseases of the ear.

Clinics in dermatology·2026

Same author

Skin diseases affecting the ear: Diagnosis and treatment.

Clinics in dermatology·2026

Same author

A Real-World Study of Polynucleotides HPT for Treating Periorbital Hyperpigmentation.

Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology·2026

Same author

Facial demodicosis with sharply demarcated islands of sparing: A case series.

Clinical and experimental dermatology·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Induction of Drug-Induced, Autoimmune Hepatitis in BALB/c Mice for the Study of Its Pathogenic Mechanisms

Induction of Drug-Induced, Autoimmune Hepatitis in BALB/c Mice for the Study of Its Pathogenic Mechanisms

Published on: May 29, 2020

Isoniazid-induced pellagra.

Serap Gunes Bilgili¹, Ayse Serap Karadag, Omer Calka

¹Yuzuncu yil University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Van, Turkey. drserapgunes@yahoo.com

Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology

|April 27, 2011

Summary

Isoniazid therapy can cause pellagra, a niacin deficiency disease. Early diagnosis and niacin treatment are crucial for recovery, as shown in a 7-year-old boy.

Area of Science:

Nutritional Science
Medical Research

Background:

Pellagra, a disease caused by niacin deficiency, presents with dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia.
Isoniazid (INH) therapy is a known risk factor for developing pellagra.
Delayed diagnosis of INH-induced pellagra can lead to severe health consequences.

Observation:

A 7-year-old boy exhibited symptoms consistent with pellagra.
The patient was undergoing treatment with isoniazid (INH).

Findings:

The patient was diagnosed with isoniazid-induced pellagra.
Symptoms resolved completely following niacin therapy.

Implications:

This case highlights the importance of maintaining a high index of suspicion for pellagra in patients on INH therapy.

More Related Videos

Dioscin Mediated IgA Nephropathy Alleviation by Inhibiting B Cell Activation In Vivo and Decreasing Galactose-Deficient IgA1 Production In Vitro

Dioscin Mediated IgA Nephropathy Alleviation by Inhibiting B Cell Activation In Vivo and Decreasing Galactose-Deficient IgA1 Production In Vitro

Published on: October 13, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Induction of Drug-Induced, Autoimmune Hepatitis in BALB/c Mice for the Study of Its Pathogenic Mechanisms

Induction of Drug-Induced, Autoimmune Hepatitis in BALB/c Mice for the Study of Its Pathogenic Mechanisms

Published on: May 29, 2020

Dioscin Mediated IgA Nephropathy Alleviation by Inhibiting B Cell Activation In Vivo and Decreasing Galactose-Deficient IgA1 Production In Vitro

Dioscin Mediated IgA Nephropathy Alleviation by Inhibiting B Cell Activation In Vivo and Decreasing Galactose-Deficient IgA1 Production In Vitro

Published on: October 13, 2023

Prompt diagnosis and intervention with niacin can prevent severe outcomes.

Awareness of INH-induced pellagra is crucial for pediatricians and healthcare providers.