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Related Concept Videos

Cerebral Hemispheres01:05

Cerebral Hemispheres

The human brain, a complex organ, is functionally divided into two cerebral hemispheres—left and right. These hemispheres are interconnected by a structure of paramount importance, the corpus callosum. This substantial bundle of neural fibers is not just a bridge between the hemispheres but a crucial element for the brain's comprehensive functioning. It enables efficient communication between the two hemispheres, allowing each side of the brain to control and receive sensory and motor...
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Lateralization

Brain lateralization refers to the division of mental processes and functions between the two hemispheres of the brain, a phenomenon that optimizes neural efficiency and underpins complex abilities in humans. This specialization allows each hemisphere to perform tasks where it has a comparative advantage, facilitating more refined cognitive capabilities across different domains.
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Each cerebral hemisphere can be divided into three main regions. The outermost region, the cerebral cortex, is a thin layer (2 to 4 millimeters thick) made up of gray matter, consisting of neuron cell bodies, dendrites, glial cells, and blood vessels. The middle region, or white matter, is primarily composed of myelinated nerve fibers organized into three types of large tracts: association fibers, commissures, and projection fibers. Association fibers connect different areas within the same...
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Evaluation of Hemisphere Lateralization with Bilateral Local Field Potential Recording in Secondary Motor Cortex of Mice
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Age differences in interhemispheric interactions: callosal structure, physiological function, and behavior.

Brett W Fling1, Scott J Peltier, Jin Bo

  • 1School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI, USA.

Frontiers in Neuroscience
|April 27, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Aging brain connectivity shows declines in corpus callosum integrity, impacting sensorimotor control. Interhemispheric processes shift with age, altering functional and structural network relationships, offering intervention targets.

Keywords:
aginginhibitioninterhemisphericmotor control

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Aging Research
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • Understanding the interplay between brain structural and functional connectivity is crucial for explaining age-related sensorimotor deficits.
  • Advancing age is associated with declines in corpus callosum size and microstructure, but their precise impact on motor control remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between age-related changes in brain structural and functional connectivity.
  • To determine how these changes contribute to sensorimotor deficits in older adults.
  • To explore the role of interhemispheric processes in age-related connectivity alterations.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized resting-state functional connectivity MRI (fcMRI) to assess functional brain networks.
  • Employed diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to evaluate structural network connectivity, particularly the corpus callosum.
  • Correlated neuroimaging findings with sensorimotor performance in older adults.

Main Results:

  • Age-related declines in corpus callosum size and integrity were linked to deficits in unimanual and bimanual motor control.
  • Evidence suggests a shift in the balance of excitatory and inhibitory interhemispheric processes with aging.
  • Age differences were observed in the relationship between functional and structural brain network connectivity.

Conclusions:

  • Age-related corpus callosum degradation is a significant factor in sensorimotor impairments.
  • Aging alters interhemispheric communication, affecting brain network integration.
  • Interventions targeting interhemispheric interactions show promise for mitigating age-related functional decline.