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Related Concept Videos

Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management01:28

Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

Introduction:For diagnosing acute pyelonephritis, a comprehensive patient history is collected to identify symptoms such as dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, flank pain, or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that may suggest a kidney infection.Physical ExaminationDuring the physical examination, CVA tenderness is assessed. This involves gentle percussion over the costovertebral angle, where tenderness often indicates a kidney infection.Diagnostic TestsUrinalysis: Used to identify white...
Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction01:22

Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction

Bacterial meningitis is a severe, life-threatening inflammation of the meninges, particularly the pia mater and arachnoid mater, affecting the subarachnoid space, ventricles, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). If untreated, it can lead to significant neurological complications or death.Causative AgentsCommon pathogens vary with age and immune status. In adults, major organisms include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae. Streptococcus agalactiae (group B...
Bacterial Meningitis01:24

Bacterial Meningitis

Bacterial meningitis is a severe infectious disease involving inflammation of the meninges, the protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It occurs when pathogenic bacteria cross the blood–brain barrier and enter the cerebrospinal fluid. Common causative organisms include Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae type b, Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli K1. The exact route of entry varies by pathogen and host condition.Routes of Entry...
Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology01:26

Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology

Bacterial meningitis typically begins when pathogens such as Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae colonize the nasopharynx and invade the bloodstream. This process is facilitated by bacterial virulence factors, such as polysaccharide capsules, which resist phagocytosis and complement-mediated killing. Less commonly, bacteria reach the central nervous system via contiguous spread from infections like otitis media or sinusitis, through congenital or acquired dural defects, or...
Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction01:27

Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction

Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the renal parenchyma and collecting system, including the renal pelvis, tubules, and interstitial tissue of one or both kidneys. It can be classified as either acute—a sudden, severe infection—or chronic, which refers to long-term or recurrent kidney infections.The primary cause of acute pyelonephritis (APN) is bacterial infection, with Escherichia coli accounting for approximately 70-80% of cases. Other bacteria, such as Proteus,...
Cryptococcal Meningitis01:27

Cryptococcal Meningitis

Cryptococcal meningitis is a life-threatening opportunistic infection predominantly associated with HIV/AIDS, accounting for over 100,000 deaths annually worldwide. However, it also affects individuals with other forms of immunosuppression, including those undergoing immunosuppressive therapy, organ transplant recipients, patients with innate immunodeficiencies, and individuals with hematological disorders. The infection is caused mainly by Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii,...

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A Neonatal Imaging Model of Gram-Negative Bacterial Sepsis
08:46

A Neonatal Imaging Model of Gram-Negative Bacterial Sepsis

Published on: August 12, 2020

Gram-negative neonatal osteomyelitis: two case reports.

Jinping Zhang1, Ben H Lee, Chao Chen

  • 1Neonatal Department, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China. zhang-jin-ping@163.com

Neonatal Network : NN
|April 28, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neonatal osteomyelitis, though rare, can be caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae in premature infants, presenting with sepsis and meningitis. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for favorable outcomes in these challenging cases.

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Last Updated: Jun 2, 2026

A Neonatal Imaging Model of Gram-Negative Bacterial Sepsis
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Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Neonatology

Background:

  • Neonatal osteomyelitis is a rare condition, often caused by Staphylococcus aureus, typically affecting a single bone.
  • Early diagnosis is challenging, impacting patient outcomes.

Observation:

  • This report details two premature infants with Klebsiella pneumoniae neonatal osteomyelitis.
  • Both infants presented with sepsis and meningitis, exhibiting multiple bone lesions.

Findings:

  • Diagnosis was aided by plain film imaging and confirmed with bone scan.
  • Timely diagnosis and successful treatment were achieved in both cases.

Implications:

  • Neonatal osteomyelitis should be considered in cases of late-onset or prolonged neonatal sepsis.
  • Prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential for improving long-term outcomes in neonatal osteomyelitis.