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Related Concept Videos

Nomenclature of Alkynes02:39

Nomenclature of Alkynes

Alkynes are unsaturated hydrocarbons characterized by the presence of carbon-carbon triple bonds and have a general formula CnH2n-2. The nomenclature of alkynes follows a set of rules similar to alkanes and alkenes; however, alkynes bear the suffix "-yne" instead of "-ane" or "-ene." There are two approaches to naming alkynes:
NMR Spectroscopy of Benzene Derivatives01:37

NMR Spectroscopy of Benzene Derivatives

Simple unsubstituted benzene has six aromatic protons, all chemically equivalent. Therefore, benzene exhibits only a singlet peak at δ 7.3 ppm in the 1H NMR spectrum. The observed shift is far downfield because the aromatic ring current strongly deshields the protons. Any substitution on the benzene ring makes the aromatic protons nonequivalent, and the protons split each other. The peak is, therefore, no longer a singlet and the splitting pattern and their associated coupling constants depend...
Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview01:18

Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview

Cycloheptatriene is a neutral monocyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon that consists of an odd number of carbon atoms and an intervening sp3 carbon in the ring. The three double bonds in the ring correspond to 6 π electrons, which is a Huckel number, and therefore satisfies the criteria of 4n + 2 π electrons. However, the intervening sp3 carbon disrupts the continuous overlap of p orbitals. As a result, cycloheptatriene is not aromatic.
Removing one hydrogen from the intervening CH2 group with both...
Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds with a Single Substituent01:23

Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds with a Single Substituent

Benzene is the simplest aromatic hydrocarbon or arene. The IUPAC names for simple monosubstituted benzene derivatives are derived by adding the substituent's name as a prefix to the parent benzene. For example, halobenzene, where the halogen could be fluoro (F), chloro (Cl), bromo (Br), and iodo (I).
Radical Substitution: Hydrogenolysis of Alkyl Halides with Tributyltin Hydride01:26

Radical Substitution: Hydrogenolysis of Alkyl Halides with Tributyltin Hydride

Radical substitution reactions can be used to remove functional groups from molecules. The hydrogenolysis of alkyl halides is one such reaction, where the weak Sn–H bond in tributyltin hydride reacts with alkyl halides to form alkanes. Here, the reagent Bu3SnH yields tributyltin halide as a byproduct.
The bonds formed in this reaction are stronger than the bonds broken, making it energetically favorable. The reaction follows a radical chain mechanism similar to radical halogenation reactions,...
Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution: Elimination–Addition01:11

Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution: Elimination–Addition

Simple aryl halides do not react with nucleophiles. However, nucleophilic aromatic substitutions can be forced under certain conditions, such as high temperatures or strong bases. The mechanism of substitution under such conditions involves the highly unstable and reactive benzyne intermediate. Benzyne contains equivalent carbon centers at both ends of the triple bond, each of which is equally susceptible to nucleophilic attack. This 50–50 distribution of products is confirmed through isotopic...

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Synthesis and Calibration of Phosphorescent Nanoprobes for Oxygen Imaging in Biological Systems
10:38

Synthesis and Calibration of Phosphorescent Nanoprobes for Oxygen Imaging in Biological Systems

Published on: March 3, 2010

Tris(biphenyl-4-yl)arsane.

Omar Bin Shawkataly, Imthyaz Ahmed Khan, Siti Syaida Sirat

    Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
    |April 28, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study details the crystal structure of a C(36)H(27)As compound, revealing two independent molecules with similar conformations. Weak interactions stabilize the crystal, which is a racemic twin.

    Area of Science:

    • Crystallography
    • Organometallic Chemistry
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Understanding the molecular and crystal structures of organoarsenic compounds is crucial for predicting their properties and potential applications.
    • Biphenyl and phenyl ring conformations significantly influence molecular packing and intermolecular interactions in crystalline solids.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To elucidate the detailed crystal structure of the title compound, C(36)H(27)As.
    • To analyze the conformational features of the independent molecules within the asymmetric unit.
    • To investigate the intermolecular interactions and packing modes in the crystal lattice.

    Main Methods:

    • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the three-dimensional structure of the compound.

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    Synthesis of Antiviral Tetrahydrocarbazole Derivatives by Photochemical and Acid-catalyzed C-H Functionalization via Intermediate Peroxides (CHIPS)

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    [(DPEPhos)(bcp)Cu]PF6: A General and Broadly Applicable Copper-Based Photoredox Catalyst

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  • Analysis of bond lengths, bond angles, and dihedral angles provided insights into molecular geometry.
  • Identification of intermolecular interactions, such as C-H⋯π interactions, was performed.

    • Main Results:

    • The asymmetric unit contains two crystallographically independent molecules (A and B) with closely related conformations.
    • Detailed dihedral angles for the biphenyl units and As-bonded phenyl rings were quantified for both molecules.
    • The crystal structure is stabilized by weak intermolecular C-H⋯π interactions, with molecules stacked along the b-axis.
    • The compound was identified as a racemic twin with a refined component ratio of 0.461:0.539.

    Conclusions:

    • The study provides a comprehensive structural characterization of C(36)H(27)As at the molecular and crystal level.
    • The conformational analysis highlights subtle differences between the two independent molecules.
    • The presence of weak C-H⋯π interactions and the racemic nature of the crystal are key features of the solid-state arrangement.