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Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Echocardiographic Evaluation of Atrial Communications before Transcatheter Closure
Published on: February 8, 2022
Real-time three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography is useful for the localization of a small mitral
Kojiro Furukawa1, Keiji Kamohara, Manabu Itoh
1Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan. furukako@cc.saga-u.ac.jp
Abstract:
The use of multiplane transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) to reconstruct 3-dimensional (3D) images is limited by time-consuming, multiplane image acquisition and the need for offline processing. To overcome these limitations, a 3D fully sampled matrix array transducer was recently developed to allow real-time acquisition and online display of 3D images. In this case, real-time 3D transesophageal echocardiography produced clear image of a small paraprosthetic leak point. Although the surgical view from the left atrium was poor due to severe adhesions, we were able to perform optimal repair of the small leak after intraoperative confirmation of the location of the leak that was identified by preoperative real-time 3D transesophageal echocardiography.
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