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Compact Bone

Compact Bone

Most bones contain compact and spongy osseous tissue, but their distribution and concentration vary based on the bone's overall function.
Compact bone, also called cortical bone, is the denser, stronger of the two types of bone tissue. It is found under the periosteum and in the diaphyses of long bones, where it provides support and protection. The microscopic structural unit of compact bone is called an osteon, or haversian system. Each osteon is composed of concentric rings of calcified...

Spongy Bone

Spongy Bone

All bones comprise an outer layer of compact bone, and an interior made up of spongy bone tissue, also called cancellous or trabecular bone. In long bones, spongy bone tissue is mainly found in the interior of the epiphyses (broad ends of the bone).
Spongy bone is more porous, and less dense compared to compact bone. It is composed of concentric lamellae that are arranged irregularly to form the trabecular network. In some bones, the spaces between trabeculae contain red marrow, where...

Bone Structure

Bone Structure

Within the skeletal system, the structure of a bone, or osseous tissue, can be exemplified in a long bone, like the femur, where there are two types of osseous tissue: cortical and cancellous.

Bone Markings

Bone Markings

Bones have various surface features that help form joints and attach to other soft tissues. Depending on the function, bone markings are categorized into articulating projections, processes for attachment, depressions, and openings.
Articulating Projections
Articulating projections are found where two bones meet to form a joint. These structures are usually found at the ends of bones. The largest articulation is a rounded projection called the head, supported by a narrow neck at the ends of...

Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification

Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification

Intramembranous ossification is one of the two processes involved in the development of bones within an embryo. The flat bones of the face, most of the cranial bones, and the clavicles are formed via this process. During intramembranous ossification, the bones develop directly from sheets of undifferentiated mesenchymal connective tissue.
The process begins when mesenchymal cells in the embryonic skeleton gather together and differentiate into osteogenic cells, which then develop into...

Bone Cells and Tissue

Bone Cells and Tissue

Bones contain a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of organic and inorganic components. Although bone cells compose only a small amount of the bone volume, they are crucial to its function. Four types of cells are found within the bone tissue— osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteogenic cells, and osteoclasts.
Osteoblasts and Osteocytes
The osteoblast is the bone cell responsible for forming new bone tissue. It is found in the growing portions of bone, including the periosteum and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Arthroscopic Excision of Posterior Cruciate Ligament Cysts Using a Double Posteromedial Approach

Arthroscopic Excision of Posterior Cruciate Ligament Cysts Using a Double Posteromedial Approach

Published on: October 20, 2023

Solitary bone cyst.

N Dhineksh Kumar¹, J Eugenia Sherubin, Uma Raman

¹Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dental Sciences, Davangere, India. dhineksh@yahoo.co.in

Indian Journal of Dental Research : Official Publication of Indian Society for Dental Research

|April 29, 2011

Summary

Solitary or traumatic bone cysts (TBC) are rare jaw cavities typically found in young patients. Diagnosis often requires surgery, as histological examination can be limited.

Area of Science:

Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Pathology
Radiology

Background:

Solitary or traumatic bone cysts (TBC) are uncommon, non-epithelial lined cavities of the jaws.
These lesions predominantly affect young patients, typically in their second decade of life.
The mandibular body, specifically between the canine and third molar, is the most common location.

Observation:

Clinically, TBCs are usually asymptomatic.
Lesions are frequently discovered incidentally during routine radiological examinations.
Definitive diagnosis relies on surgical assessment, as histological material can be scarce or absent.

Findings:

This case documents a solitary bone cyst in the mandibular body.
The study reviews the primary characteristics of TBCs in the literature.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Arthroscopic Excision of Posterior Cruciate Ligament Cysts Using a Double Posteromedial Approach

Arthroscopic Excision of Posterior Cruciate Ligament Cysts Using a Double Posteromedial Approach

Published on: October 20, 2023

The non-epithelial nature and typical patient demographic are highlighted.

Implications:

Accurate radiological identification aids in early detection of TBCs.
Surgical intervention is crucial for definitive diagnosis and management.
Understanding TBC characteristics improves diagnostic accuracy and patient care.