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Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.

Embryonic Stem Cells

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

RNAi Screening to Identify Postembryonic Phenotypes in C. elegans

RNAi Screening to Identify Postembryonic Phenotypes in C. elegans

Published on: February 13, 2012

From RNAi screens to molecular function in embryonic stem cells.

Li Ding¹, Ina Poser, Maciej Paszkowski-Rogacz

¹University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Medical Faculty, University of Technology Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.

Stem Cell Reviews and Reports

|April 29, 2011

Summary

This review covers RNA interference (RNAi) screens in embryonic stem (ES) cells, exploring gene functions in maintaining cell identity. It also discusses challenges and proposes methods for molecular characterization using bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) transgenesis.

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CARIP-Seq and ChIP-Seq: Methods to Identify Chromatin-Associated RNAs and Protein-DNA Interactions in Embryonic Stem Cells

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Published on: May 25, 2018

Area of Science:

Stem cell biology
Genetics
Molecular biology

Background:

Embryonic stem (ES) cells possess pluripotency, capable of differentiating into all adult cell types.
Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells have increased interest in ES cell research.
Recent advances in RNAi technologies enable large-scale gene function analysis in ES cells.

Purpose of the Study:

To review RNAi screens conducted in ES cells.
To discuss challenges in large-scale RNAi experiments.
To propose streamlined molecular characterization methods.

Main Methods:

Large-scale, high-throughput RNAi screens in ES cells.
Review of existing literature on ES cell RNAi screens.
Bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) transgenesis for molecular characterization.

Main Results:

RNAi screens have begun to elucidate gene roles in maintaining ES cell identity.
Significant challenges exist in conducting and interpreting large-scale screens.
Bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) transgenesis offers a pathway for detailed molecular analysis.

Conclusions:

Systematic RNAi screens are crucial for understanding ES cell biology.
Overcoming technical challenges is key for advancing ES cell research.
Integrating phenotypic screening with BAC transgenesis can enhance molecular characterization.