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MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...

MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...

MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...

Ribosome Profiling

Ribosome Profiling

Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
Applications of ribosome profiling
Ribosome profiling has many applications, including in vivo monitoring of translation inside a particular organ or tissue type and quantifying new protein synthesis levels.
The technique helps...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

MicroRNA Amplification and Recognition through Locked-nucleic-acid In situ Hybridization as a Novel Detection and Quantification Method

MicroRNA Amplification and Recognition through Locked-nucleic-acid In situ Hybridization as a Novel Detection and Quantification Method

Published on: October 7, 2025

MicroRNA profiling in cancer.

Reinhold Munker¹, George A Calin

¹Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.

Clinical Science (London, England : 1979)

|April 30, 2011

Summary

Cancer diagnosis has evolved from morphology to molecular markers, including microRNAs (miRNAs). This review explores recent advances in miRNA profiling for human cancer diagnosis and treatment.

Area of Science:

Oncology
Molecular Biology
Genetics

Background:

Cancer diagnosis has evolved significantly over 40 years, moving beyond morphology to incorporate immunological, cytogenetic, and molecular methods.
Molecular markers, particularly gene expression profiling, have refined cancer classification and diagnosis.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs with critical roles in cell biology, exhibiting both oncogenic and tumor-suppressive functions.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent advancements in microRNA (miRNA) profiling for human cancer.
To discuss the role of miRNAs in various cancer types, including frequent and rare tumors.
To provide an outlook on the future of miRNA profiling in oncology.

Main Methods:

Review of recent scientific literature on miRNA profiling in human cancers.

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Profiling of Estrogen-regulated MicroRNAs in Breast Cancer Cells

Profiling of Estrogen-regulated MicroRNAs in Breast Cancer Cells

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miRNA Expression Analyses in Prostate Cancer Clinical Tissues

Published on: September 8, 2015

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Last Updated: Jun 2, 2026

MicroRNA Amplification and Recognition through Locked-nucleic-acid In situ Hybridization as a Novel Detection and Quantification Method

MicroRNA Amplification and Recognition through Locked-nucleic-acid In situ Hybridization as a Novel Detection and Quantification Method

Published on: October 7, 2025

Profiling of Estrogen-regulated MicroRNAs in Breast Cancer Cells

Profiling of Estrogen-regulated MicroRNAs in Breast Cancer Cells

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miRNA Expression Analyses in Prostate Cancer Clinical Tissues

miRNA Expression Analyses in Prostate Cancer Clinical Tissues

Published on: September 8, 2015

Discussion of molecular techniques used for miRNA detection and analysis.

Analysis of miRNA dysregulation in oncogenesis, metastasis, and apoptosis.

Main Results:

MicroRNAs are frequently dysregulated in various human cancers, influencing tumor development and progression.
miRNA profiling offers a powerful tool for refining cancer diagnosis and classification.
miRNAs play dual roles as oncogenes and tumor suppressors, impacting cancer cell behavior.

Conclusions:

miRNA profiling represents a significant advancement in cancer diagnostics and understanding.
Further research into miRNA dysregulation will likely lead to novel therapeutic strategies.
The integration of miRNA analysis into clinical practice holds promise for improved cancer patient outcomes.