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Related Concept Videos

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:26

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
There are three main types of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy  (ICP-AES) instruments: sequential, simultaneous multichannel, and Fourier transform instruments, with the latter being less commonly used.
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
IR Spectrometers01:25

IR Spectrometers

There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS)01:15

High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS)

The resolution of a mass spectrometer depends on the efficiency of separating ions with different ion masses. The mass of an atom is approximated to the sum of the masses of protons and neutrons inside, considering the masses of protons and neutrons as equal. However, the masses of the proton (1.6726 × 10−24 g) and neutron (1.6749 × 10−24 g) are not truly equal. There is a minor error in the expression of atomic masses relative to the simplest atom of hydrogen. For example, the mass of helium...
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

An atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) comprises several components: a radiation source, an atomizer, a monochromator, and a detector. The radiation source can be a hollow-cathode lamp (HCL) or an electrodeless-discharge lamp (EDL), both of which provide a narrow emission line of the required wavelength. However, some instruments use continuum sources and high-resolution monochromators to achieve a narrow range of radiation.
The atomizer used in AAS can be either a flame atomizer or an...
Mass Spectrum: Interpretation01:24

Mass Spectrum: Interpretation

An unknown compound can be established by identifying the molecular ion peak in the mass spectrum. The molecular ion peak is often weak or absent due to the predominance of fragmentation in high-energy electron beams. In such cases, a soft-energy electron beam can be used to scan the spectrum to enhance the intensity of the molecular ion peak. Additionally, chemical ionization, field ionization, and desorption ionization spectra are used to obtain a relatively intense molecular ion peak.To...

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Studying Soft-matter and Biological Systems over a Wide Length-scale from Nanometer and Micrometer Sizes at the Small-angle Neutron Diffractometer KWS-2
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A novel high resolution ion wide angle spectrometer.

D Jung1, R Hörlein, D C Gautier

  • 1Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA. daniel.jung@physik.uni-muenchen.de

The Review of Scientific Instruments
|May 3, 2011
PubMed
Summary

A new ion wide angle spectrometer (iWASP) measures proton and carbon ion energies and angles simultaneously. This instrument offers high resolution, crucial for advancing laser-ion acceleration research.

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Area of Science:

  • Particle accelerators
  • Plasma physics
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Laser-driven ion acceleration is a rapidly developing field.
  • Accurate measurement of ion energy and angular distribution is critical for understanding and optimizing these novel acceleration schemes.
  • Existing diagnostic tools may lack the necessary resolution or multi-ion capability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel instrument, the ion wide angle spectrometer (iWASP).
  • To demonstrate the capability of iWASP for simultaneous measurement of protons and carbon ions.
  • To validate the performance of iWASP for laser-ion acceleration studies.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a novel ion wide angle spectrometer (iWASP).
  • Utilized a wedged magnet design for a wide acceptance angle (30°).
  • Measured angularly resolved energy distributions of protons and C(6+) ions.

Main Results:

  • Achieved energy resolution better than 10% at ~50 MeV/nucleon for both protons and carbon ions.
  • Demonstrated high angular accuracy in the μrad range.
  • Successfully operated iWASP at the LANL Trident laser facility.

Conclusions:

  • The novel iWASP is a capable instrument for measuring angularly resolved energy distributions of multiple ion species.
  • Its performance characteristics make it suitable for research in laser-ion acceleration.
  • The presented results validate the effectiveness of iWASP for advanced particle acceleration studies.