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Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Design, Instrumentation and Usage Protocols for Distributed In Situ Thermal Hot Spots Monitoring in Electric Coils using FBG Sensor Multiplexing
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Ion temperature fluctuation measurements using a retarding field analyzer.

I S Nedzelskiy1, C Silva, P Duarte

  • 1Associação EURATOM/IST, Instituto de Plasma e Fusão Nuclear- Laboratório Associado, Instituto Superior Técnico, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.

The Review of Scientific Instruments
|May 3, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a new direct current (dc) operation for retarding field analyzers (RFAs) to measure ion temperature fluctuations in thermonuclear plasma. This method achieves higher temporal resolution than standard ms-timescale measurements.

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Area of Science:

  • Plasma Physics
  • Fusion Energy Research
  • Diagnostic Techniques

Background:

  • Retarding Field Analyzers (RFAs) are crucial for ion temperature diagnostics in thermonuclear plasma's scrape-off-layer (SOL).
  • Standard RFA temporal resolution is limited to milliseconds, hindering the study of rapid plasma phenomena.
  • Accurate measurement of ion temperature fluctuations is vital for understanding plasma confinement and stability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a direct current (dc) operation method for RFAs to enable high-temporal-resolution ion temperature measurements.
  • To measure ion temperature fluctuations in the SOL of tokamak plasma.
  • To compare the novel dc RFA method with conventional RFA measurements.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a dc operation mode of the RFA, analyzing the current-voltage (I-V) characteristic.
  • Employed a shifted Maxwellian distribution model for ion analysis.
  • Measured two points in the decaying region of the I-V characteristic using differentially dc-biased RFA electrodes.

Main Results:

  • Successfully measured ion temperature fluctuations in the ISTTOK tokamak SOL plasma.
  • Obtained an ion temperature of 17 eV near the limiter, with fluctuations around 5 eV.
  • Demonstrated agreement within ~25% compared to conventional RFA measurements.

Conclusions:

  • The dc RFA operation method provides reliable measurements of ion temperature and its fluctuations in tokamak SOL plasmas.
  • The method's validity was confirmed, considering plasma potential fluctuations and noise.
  • Application constraints include negligible electron emission and operation within the I-V characteristic's decaying region.