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Related Concept Videos

Satellite Stem Cells and Muscular Dystrophy01:21

Satellite Stem Cells and Muscular Dystrophy

Satellite stem cells or myosatellite cells are quiescent stem cells that Alexander Mauro first identified in 1961. These cells are located between the sarcolemma, the plasma membrane of muscle fibers, and the basal lamina, the connective tissue sheath covering it. These mononucleated cells are activated in response to muscle injury, can transform into myoblasts, and may form or repair muscle fibers. Myosatellite cells can provide additional myonuclei for muscle regeneration or return to a...
Cellular Adaptation I: Introduction and Atrophy01:23

Cellular Adaptation I: Introduction and Atrophy

Cells can adapt to environmental changes to maintain function and avoid injury, a process called cellular adaptation. Adapted cells exist in a reversible intermediate state with changes in size, number, phenotype, metabolism, or function. These responses help cells meet altered physiological or pathological demands; for example, enlargement of breast and uterine tissues during pregnancy. Early adaptations may enhance function, but persistent stress eventually causes tissue damage.Types of...
Renewal of Skin Epidermal Stem Cells01:12

Renewal of Skin Epidermal Stem Cells

The skin is divided into epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis, the skin's outermost, middle, and inner layers. The human epidermal layer regularly undergoes renewal, where old, dead cells are replaced by new cells. Epidermal stem cells or EpiSCs divide and differentiate to restore the lost cells. For the renewal process, some EpiSCs continuously self-renew. In contrast, few others differentiate into transit-amplifying cells, which later form prickle or spinous cells, followed by granular cells,...
The Effect of Aging on Tissues01:19

The Effect of Aging on Tissues

Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
Stem Cell Niche01:26

Stem Cell Niche

The stem cell niche is the dynamic microenvironment where stem cells reside. Inside these niches, the cells may remain undifferentiated, undergo high self-renewal, or become lineage-specific progenitors. Stem cells coexist with other niche cells, such as stromal cells. They also interact closely with the ECM. Cell-cell and cell-matrix communication occur via adhesion molecules or soluble factors that signal the stem cells and determine their fate. Stromal cells also provide survival signals to...
Cellular Adaptation II: Hypertrophy01:26

Cellular Adaptation II: Hypertrophy

Hypertrophy is the increase in the size of individual cells, resulting in the enlargement of a tissue or organ. Unlike hyperplasia, which involves an increase in cell number, hypertrophy is characterized by an increase in cell volume. This process often occurs in response to higher functional demand or hormonal stimulation, leading to the production of more structural proteins and organelles, thereby enhancing the cells' work capacity.There are two primary types of hypertrophy: physiological...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Preparation and Culture of Myogenic Precursor Cells/Primary Myoblasts from Skeletal Muscle of Adult and Aged Humans
10:10

Preparation and Culture of Myogenic Precursor Cells/Primary Myoblasts from Skeletal Muscle of Adult and Aged Humans

Published on: February 16, 2017

Aging changes in satellite cells and their functions.

Robert S Hikida1

  • 1Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute (OMNI), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, OH 45701, USA. hikida@ohio.edu

Current Aging Science
|May 3, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Satellite cells (SCs) are crucial for muscle repair and growth. Despite changes in muscle fiber size, the cell nucleus maintains a regulated domain size, and SC number does not directly indicate regenerative capacity.

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Isolation and Characterization of Satellite Cells from Rat Head Branchiomeric Muscles
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Isolation and Characterization of Satellite Cells from Rat Head Branchiomeric Muscles

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Preparation and Culture of Myogenic Precursor Cells/Primary Myoblasts from Skeletal Muscle of Adult and Aged Humans
10:10

Preparation and Culture of Myogenic Precursor Cells/Primary Myoblasts from Skeletal Muscle of Adult and Aged Humans

Published on: February 16, 2017

Single Myofiber Culture Assay for the Assessment of Adult Muscle Stem Cell Functionality Ex Vivo
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Single Myofiber Culture Assay for the Assessment of Adult Muscle Stem Cell Functionality Ex Vivo

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Isolation and Characterization of Satellite Cells from Rat Head Branchiomeric Muscles
07:37

Isolation and Characterization of Satellite Cells from Rat Head Branchiomeric Muscles

Published on: July 20, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Muscle physiology
  • Cell biology
  • Regenerative medicine

Background:

  • Vertebrate skeletal muscle fibers are multinucleated and post-mitotic, making them prone to injury.
  • Satellite cells (SCs) are adult stem cells essential for muscle growth, repair, and regeneration.
  • Understanding SCs and their role in muscle maintenance is critical for addressing age-related decline.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent studies on nuclear domain size in relation to muscle activity and fiber size.
  • To examine the relationship between myonuclear number, cross-sectional area, and myonuclear domain size.
  • To discuss satellite cell identification, number, and their regenerative potential, particularly in aging muscle.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on skeletal muscle fibers and satellite cells.
  • Analysis of the relationship between myonuclear number, fiber cross-sectional area, and nuclear domain size.
  • Review of factors influencing satellite cell function, including aging and the connective tissue environment.

Main Results:

  • Muscle nuclei maintain a regulated domain size despite significant variations in fiber size.
  • Satellite cell number increases with enhanced muscular activity.
  • Reduced satellite cell numbers in the elderly do not necessarily correlate with diminished repair or regenerative ability.

Conclusions:

  • Satellite cell number is not a definitive indicator of a muscle's regenerative capacity.
  • The connective tissue environment significantly impacts satellite cell function, especially in aging.
  • Growth factors and cytokines within the connective tissue are key factors in the age-related decline of satellite cell function.