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Related Concept Videos

Mitochondria01:37

Mitochondria

Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
The Effect of Aging on Tissues01:19

The Effect of Aging on Tissues

Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
PI3K/mTOR/AKT Signaling Pathway01:22

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The mammalian target of rapamycin  (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that regulates growth, proliferation, and cell survival in response to hormones, growth factors, or nutrient availability. This kinase exists in two structurally and functionally distinct forms: mTOR complex 1  (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2  (mTORC2). The first form (mTORC1) is composed of a rapamycin-sensitive Raptor and proline-rich Akt substrate, PRAS40. In contrast,  mTORC2 consists of a rapamycin-insensitive companion...
Aging01:26

Aging

Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
Replicative Cell Senescence02:15

Replicative Cell Senescence

Replicative cell senescence is a property of cells that allows them to divide a finite number of times throughout the organism's lifespan while preventing excessive proliferation. Replicative senescence is associated with the gradual loss of the telomere — short, repetitive DNA sequences found at the end of the chromosomes. Telomeres are bound by a group of proteins to form a protective cap on the ends of chromosomes. Embryonic stem cells express telomerase — an enzyme that adds the telomeric...

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Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Measurement of Protein Turnover Rates in Senescent and Non-Dividing Cultured Cells with Metabolic Labeling and Mass Spectrometry
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Measurement of Protein Turnover Rates in Senescent and Non-Dividing Cultured Cells with Metabolic Labeling and Mass Spectrometry

Published on: April 6, 2022

The Mitoscriptome in Aging and Disease.

Raghavan Raju1, Bixi Jian, William Hubbard

  • 1Center for Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294.

Aging and Disease
|May 3, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mitochondrial gene expression profiling, or mitoscriptome analysis, is crucial for understanding organ dysfunction. This study used a novel gene chip to identify mitoscriptome signatures following hypoxia and hemorrhage.

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Last Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Measurement of Protein Turnover Rates in Senescent and Non-Dividing Cultured Cells with Metabolic Labeling and Mass Spectrometry
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Combining Magnetic Sorting of Mother Cells and Fluctuation Tests to Analyze Genome Instability During Mitotic Cell Aging in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
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Combining Magnetic Sorting of Mother Cells and Fluctuation Tests to Analyze Genome Instability During Mitotic Cell Aging in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Published on: October 16, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Cellular biology
  • Mitochondrial research
  • Molecular genetics

Background:

  • Mitochondria are vital for cellular energy production, and their dysfunction impacts high-energy organs like the heart.
  • Organ dysfunction, due to aging or injury, can alter mitochondrial gene expression, affecting cellular function.
  • Understanding the 'mitoscriptome' (nuclear and mitochondrial DNA transcripts) is key to elucidating organ dysfunction mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce the concept of mitoscriptome and its importance in studying organ function.
  • To present the development and application of the RoMitochip for comprehensive mitochondrial gene expression profiling.
  • To analyze mitoscriptome alterations in response to cellular stress.

Main Methods:

  • Development of RoMitochip, a gene chip with probesets for nuclear and mitochondrial DNA genes in mice and rats.
  • Application of RoMitochip in an in vitro hypoxia model using cardiomyocytes.
  • Utilized RoMitochip in an in vivo hemorrhagic injury model using left ventricular tissue.

Main Results:

  • Identified specific mitoscriptome signatures associated with hypoxia in cardiomyocytes.
  • Determined distinct mitoscriptome signatures following hemorrhagic injury in heart tissue.
  • Demonstrated the utility of RoMitochip for studying mitochondrial gene expression changes.

Conclusions:

  • Mitoscriptome profiling provides critical insights into the molecular mechanisms of organ dysfunction.
  • The RoMitochip is an effective tool for assessing mitochondrial gene expression alterations.
  • This approach aids in understanding the impact of conditions like hypoxia and hemorrhage on energy-dependent organs.