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Related Concept Videos

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview01:26

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview

A conventional Raman spectrophotometer includes a laser source, a sample holding system, a wavelength selector, and a detector.
The monochromatic laser source, typically using visible or near-infrared radiation, generates a highly focused beam of light. This light interacts with the molecules of the sample, scattering some of the light. Liquid and gaseous samples are usually tested in ordinary glass capillaries, while solids can be analyzed as powders packed in capillaries or as potassium...
IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview01:24

IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview

When Infrared (IR) radiation passes through a covalently bonded molecule, the bonds transition from lower to higher vibrational levels. The fundamental vibrational motions that result in infrared absorption can be classified as stretching or bending vibrations.
Stretching vibrations are vibrational motions that occur along the bond line, changing the bond length or distance between two bonded atoms. They are further distinguished as symmetric or asymmetric. In symmetric stretching, the...
UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Molecular Electronic Transitions01:16

UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Molecular Electronic Transitions

In Ultraviolet–Visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, the absorption of electromagnetic radiation is used to probe the electronic structure of molecules. This technique provides insights into molecular electronic transitions, particularly the movement of electrons between different molecular orbitals. Radiation is absorbed if the energy of the electromagnetic radiation passing through the molecule is precisely equal to the energy difference between the excited and ground states. During this process,...
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

An atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) comprises several components: a radiation source, an atomizer, a monochromator, and a detector. The radiation source can be a hollow-cathode lamp (HCL) or an electrodeless-discharge lamp (EDL), both of which provide a narrow emission line of the required wavelength. However, some instruments use continuum sources and high-resolution monochromators to achieve a narrow range of radiation.
The atomizer used in AAS can be either a flame atomizer or an...
IR Spectroscopy: Hooke's Law Approximation of Molecular Vibration01:16

IR Spectroscopy: Hooke's Law Approximation of Molecular Vibration

A covalently bonded heteronuclear diatomic molecule can be modeled as two vibrating masses connected by a spring. The vibrational frequency of the bond can be expressed using an equation derived from Hooke's law, which describes how the force applied to stretch or compress a spring is proportional to the displacement of the spring. In this case, the atoms behave like masses, and the bond acts like a spring.
According to Hooke's law, the vibrational frequency is directly proportional to the...
Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:26

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
There are three main types of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy  (ICP-AES) instruments: sequential, simultaneous multichannel, and Fourier transform instruments, with the latter being less commonly used.

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Multimodal Nonlinear Hyperspectral Chemical Imaging Using Line-Scanning Vibrational Sum-Frequency Generation Microscopy
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Multimodal Nonlinear Hyperspectral Chemical Imaging Using Line-Scanning Vibrational Sum-Frequency Generation Microscopy

Published on: December 1, 2023

Intra-operative optical diagnostics with vibrational spectroscopy.

Allison Stelling1, Reiner Salzer, Matthias Kirsch

  • 1Faculty of Medicine, Clinical Sensing and Monitoring, Dresden University of Technology, Germany. antistokes@gmail.com

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry
|May 3, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Vibrational spectroscopy offers real-time, in-situ tissue diagnostics for surgery. This review explores Raman and infrared spectroscopy for identifying tumor margins during operations.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Optics
  • Medical Diagnostics
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Conventional diagnostic methods (histochemistry, MRI, PET) are unsuitable for intra-operative use.
  • A need exists for real-time diagnostics to delineate tumor margins during surgery.
  • Vibrational spectroscopy offers a promising alternative for intra-operative tissue analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the potential and limitations of vibrational spectroscopy (Raman and infrared) as intra-operative diagnostic tools.
  • To highlight the advantages of vibrational spectroscopy for real-time, biochemical tissue profiling.
  • To discuss the application of multivariate analysis for spectral data interpretation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of established and emerging vibrational spectroscopy techniques, including Raman fiber techniques and nonlinear Raman spectroscopy.
  • Examination of infrared spectroscopy applications for ex vivo tissue analysis.
  • Discussion of multivariate analysis for processing spectral data.

Main Results:

  • Vibrational spectroscopy provides real-time, biochemical tissue information without contrast agents or electromagnetic interference.
  • Promising intra-operative approaches include Raman fiber and nonlinear Raman spectroscopy.
  • Infrared spectroscopy is utilized for ex vivo analysis in the operating theater.

Conclusions:

  • Vibrational spectroscopy holds significant potential for intra-operative diagnostics, particularly for distinguishing tumor borders.
  • The real-time, label-free nature of these techniques is advantageous for surgical guidance.
  • Further development and application of multivariate analysis are crucial for maximizing the utility of spectral data.