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Related Concept Videos

Metal-Ligand Bonds02:51

Metal-Ligand Bonds

The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...
Properties of Organometallic Compounds01:23

Properties of Organometallic Compounds

Organometallic compounds are compounds that contain a carbon–metal bond. Carbon belongs to an organyl group like alkyl, aryl, allyl, or benzyl groups. The metal can be from Group I or Group II of the periodic table, a transition metal, or a semimetal.
Coordination Number and Geometry02:57

Coordination Number and Geometry

For transition metal complexes, the coordination number determines the geometry around the central metal ion. Table 1 compares coordination numbers to molecular geometry. The most common structures of the complexes in coordination compounds are octahedral, tetrahedral, and square planar.
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
Extraction: Advanced Methods00:56

Extraction: Advanced Methods

Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is formed in...
Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability. Many...

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Related Experiment Video

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Experimental Approaches for the Synthesis of Low-Valent Metal-Organic Frameworks from Multitopic Phosphine Linkers
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Extended two-dimensional metal-organic frameworks based on thiolate-copper coordination bonds.

Hermann Walch1, Jürgen Dienstmaier, Georg Eder

  • 1Department for Earth and Environmental Sciences and Center for NanoScience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Theresienstrasse 41, 80333 München, Germany.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|May 4, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Self-assembly of a trithiol molecule on copper and silver surfaces reveals distinct porous networks. Copper surfaces facilitate metal-coordination bonds, leading to unique structures at lower temperatures compared to silver.

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Synthesis and Characterization of Functionalized Metal-organic Frameworks

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Synthesis and Characterization of Functionalized Metal-organic Frameworks

Published on: September 5, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Surface science
  • Supramolecular chemistry
  • Materials science

Background:

  • 1,3,5-tris(4-mercaptophenyl)benzene is a three-fold symmetric aromatic trithiol.
  • Understanding substrate-mediated self-assembly is crucial for designing functional nanomaterials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the self-assembly and surface-mediated reactions of 1,3,5-tris(4-mercaptophenyl)benzene on Cu(111) and Ag(111).
  • Elucidate the nature of intermolecular bonds and the role of the substrate in their formation.
  • Compare the structural outcomes on different metal surfaces under varying thermal conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) under ultrahigh-vacuum (UHV) conditions.
  • Room-temperature deposition and thermal annealing experiments.
  • Density functional theory (DFT) calculations to identify bonding.

Main Results:

  • Densely packed trigonal structures formed on both Cu(111) and Ag(111) at room temperature.
  • Distinct porous networks emerged on Cu(111) at ~150 °C, while Ag(111) required ~300 °C for structural changes, forming disordered structures with dimers.
  • Metal-coordination bonds, facilitated by adatom gas on Cu(111), were identified as key to the observed differences.

Conclusions:

  • The substrate plays a critical role in directing the self-assembly and structural evolution of the trithiol molecule.
  • Cu(111) promotes the formation of ordered porous networks at lower temperatures due to metal-coordination bonding.
  • DFT analysis confirmed the distinct bonding geometries and distances on both surfaces.