Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Hyperscanning Study in Psychological Counseling
Published on: January 17, 2025
Independence centrality as a moderator of the effects of spousal support on patient well-being and physical
Lynn M Martire1, Mary Ann Parris Stephens, Richard Schulz
1Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. lmm51@psu.edu
Objective:
In this study, we examined whether the benefits of spousal assistance for patient well-being and physical functioning depend on the fit between amount of assistance provided and the personal importance of completing activities independently.
Methods:
Individuals with osteoarthritis of the hip or knee were assessed for independence centrality, depressive symptoms, self-efficacy for managing pain, and physical functioning (N = 159 to 230). Spouses reported the amount of support provided with daily tasks.
Results:
As predicted, moderation analyses indicated that spousal support was associated with greater self-efficacy for managing pain in patients with low independence centrality, but was not associated with self-efficacy in patients with high independence centrality. Also consistent with our hypotheses, spousal support was associated with greater depressive symptoms and slower walk time in patients with high independence centrality, but there were no effects of spouse support on these outcomes for patients with low independence centrality.
Conclusions:
Our findings demonstrate the implications of miscarried spousal support for patient well-being and physical functioning, and they suggest a means of tailoring couple-oriented interventions for chronic illness.
Related Concept Videos
Social Relationships and Well-Being
Relationship Formation
Relationship Growth
Theory of Romantic Attachment in Adulthood
Factors Affecting Illness
For instance, risk factors are connected to illness, disability,...
Patient-centered Care
