Indications for growth hormone therapy in children

Jeremy Kirk1

  • 1Department of Endocrinology, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham B4 6NH, UK. jeremy.kirk@bch.nhs.uk

Insights

Growth hormone (GH) therapy is used for pediatric conditions like GHD and Turner syndrome to improve growth and body composition. While GH therapy offers choices, cost differences may impact future accessibility for patients.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Biotechnology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Growth hormone (GH) therapy has been available for over 50 years, with current treatments being biosynthetically produced and administered via daily injection.
  • Paediatric GH is approved for six conditions: GHD, TS, SGA, PWS, CRI, and SHOX deficiency, as confirmed by the 2010 NICE review.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current landscape of paediatric GH therapy in the UK.
  • To discuss the indications, utilization, and future considerations for GH treatment in children.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of UK national audit data on GH therapy.
  • Review of licensed indications and treatment outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Approximately 4700 children in the UK receive GH therapy, with about 760 new patients annually.
  • GH therapy aims to improve growth and body composition, with patient choice of device potentially enhancing adherence.
  • A significant price difference among GH products may restrict future patient choice.

Conclusions:

  • Paediatric GH therapy remains crucial for specific conditions, with ongoing monitoring of usage and adherence.
  • The availability of multiple GH manufacturers and device options presents both opportunities for improved adherence and challenges related to cost and accessibility.

Related Concept Videos

Hypoglycemia and Glucagon01:15

Hypoglycemia and Glucagon

Without prolonged fasting, healthy individuals maintain blood glucose levels above 3.5 mM due to a well-adapted neuroendocrine counterregulatory system that effectively prevents acute hypoglycemia, a potentially life-threatening condition. The primary clinical scenarios for hypoglycemia encompass diabetes treatment, inappropriate production of endogenous insulin or insulin-like substances by tumors, and the use of glucose-lowering agents in non-diabetic individuals. Notably, hypoglycemia in the...
Nature and Nurture01:10

Nature and Nurture

Many human characteristics, like height, are shaped by both nature—in other words, by our genes—and by nurture, or our environment. For example, chronic stress during childhood inhibits the production of growth hormones and consequently reduces bone growth and height. Scientists estimate that 70-90% of variation in height is due to genetic differences among individuals, and 10-30% of variation in height is due to differences in the environments that individuals experience, such as differences...
Signs of Puberty01:27

Signs of Puberty

Puberty is a critical phase, typically beginning between the ages of 8 and 13 in girls and 9 and 14 in boys, though timing can vary based on genetics, environmental factors, and overall health. This period is characterized by the development of secondary sexual characteristics and the attainment of reproductive potential. Endocrine changes underpin puberty, with hormonal surges of Luteinizing Hormone (LH) and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) instigated by Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH)...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses a challenge in...
Adrenal Gland Disorders01:27

Adrenal Gland Disorders

Adrenal gland disorders manifest when the production of adrenal hormones deviates from the norm, resulting in either excessive or insufficient concentrations.
Adrenal insufficiency, characterized by insufficient cortisol and aldosterone production, leads to conditions like Addison's disease. This disorder, affecting the adrenal cortex, exhibits symptoms such as skin bronzing, dehydration, low blood pressure, fatigue, and weight loss. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, a genetic ailment causing...
Major Hormones and Their Functions01:27

Major Hormones and Their Functions

Hormones, the biochemical messengers produced by endocrine glands, are pivotal in regulating bodily functions and maintaining homeostasis. Each hormone's balance is crucial; imbalances can lead to significant physiological disruptions. Major hormones include oxytocin, cortisol, epinephrine, estrogen, testosterone, thyroxine, growth hormone, insulin, and glucagon.
Oxytocin, produced in the hypothalamus and released by the pituitary gland, plays a role in social bonding, childbirth, and lactation.