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Related Concept Videos

Treatment Resistant Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistant Cancers

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
Development of Antibiotic Resistance01:30

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Antibiotic resistance is a major public health concern that arises when bacteria evolve mechanisms to withstand the effects of antibiotic treatments. This resistance can be intrinsic, acquired through genetic mutations, or transferred between bacteria via horizontal gene transfer. The development of antibiotic resistance poses significant challenges in treating bacterial infections and necessitates ongoing research to develop new therapeutic strategies.Intrinsic resistance occurs when bacterial...
Mechanism of Antibiotic Resistance in MRSA01:25

Mechanism of Antibiotic Resistance in MRSA

Antibiotic resistance in bacteria arises when microorganisms evolve the ability to withstand drugs designed to kill them or inhibit their growth, rendering once-effective treatments useless. This phenomenon, driven by genetic change and selection under antibiotic exposure, poses a profound threat to modern medicine. Mechanisms include drug-inactivating enzymes (e.g., β-lactamases), efflux pumps that eject antibiotics, mutations altering antibiotic targets, decreased drug uptake, and acquisition...
Treatment Resistent Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistent Cancers

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance01:25

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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) presents a critical public health threat, arising from its capacity to resist β-lactam antibiotics due to acquisition of the mecA gene within the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). This gene encodes penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a), which impairs binding efficacy of methicillin and other β-lactams. MRSA has evolved into distinct clonal lineages impacting humans and animals alike, reinforcing its significance within the One...
Drug toxicity: Idiosyncratic Reactions01:16

Drug toxicity: Idiosyncratic Reactions

Idiosyncratic drug reactions represent abnormal chemical responses that vary significantly among individuals, ranging from extreme sensitivity to low doses to insensitivity to high doses. These reactions often occur due to the drug's covalent binding with serum proteins, forming a foreign hapten that triggers an immunotoxicological response. The variability in drug reactions has a strong pharmacogenetic foundation, with genetic differences crucial in how individuals metabolize drugs. For...

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Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Implementation of In Vitro Drug Resistance Assays: Maximizing the Potential for Uncovering Clinically Relevant Resistance Mechanisms
08:46

Implementation of In Vitro Drug Resistance Assays: Maximizing the Potential for Uncovering Clinically Relevant Resistance Mechanisms

Published on: December 9, 2015

Drug resistance.

B Hill

    International Journal of Oncology
    |May 5, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Multidrug resistance in cancer chemotherapy involves key proteins like P-glycoprotein and altered DNA repair mechanisms. Understanding these targets is crucial for developing new cancer treatments.

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    Using RNA-sequencing to Detect Novel Splice Variants Related to Drug Resistance in In Vitro Cancer Models
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    Implementation of In Vitro Drug Resistance Assays: Maximizing the Potential for Uncovering Clinically Relevant Resistance Mechanisms
    08:46

    Implementation of In Vitro Drug Resistance Assays: Maximizing the Potential for Uncovering Clinically Relevant Resistance Mechanisms

    Published on: December 9, 2015

    Using RNA-sequencing to Detect Novel Splice Variants Related to Drug Resistance in In Vitro Cancer Models
    09:58

    Using RNA-sequencing to Detect Novel Splice Variants Related to Drug Resistance in In Vitro Cancer Models

    Published on: December 9, 2016

    Area of Science:

    • Oncology
    • Molecular Biology
    • Pharmacology

    Background:

    • Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major challenge in cancer chemotherapy.
    • Overexpression of proteins like P-glycoprotein, MRP, and LRP contributes to MDR.
    • Altered expression of topoisomerases and DNA repair pathways also plays a role.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To provide an overview of current mechanisms associated with multidrug resistance.
    • To discuss the clinical relevance of major drug resistance-associated proteins.
    • To explore alternative forms of multidrug resistance and DNA repair contributions.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review of identified mechanisms of multidrug resistance.
    • Discussion of clinical relevance of specific drug resistance proteins.
    • Examination of alternative resistance pathways involving topoisomerases and DNA repair.

    Main Results:

    • Overexpression of P-glycoprotein, MRP, and LRP are clinically relevant mechanisms of MDR.
    • Reduced or altered expression of topoisomerases represents an alternate form of MDR.
    • Altered DNA repair contributes to resistance against platinum-based chemotherapy drugs.

    Conclusions:

    • Identification and study of intracellular targets are vital for new cancer drug discovery.
    • Understanding MDR mechanisms provides insights into developing more effective chemotherapy regimens.
    • This research highlights an exciting era for identifying novel intracellular targets in cancer treatment.