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Related Concept Videos

Electrospray Ionization (ESI) Mass Spectrometry01:12

Electrospray Ionization (ESI) Mass Spectrometry

Higher molecular weight biomolecules are nonvolatile compounds that may decompose before ionizing or vaporizing during mass analysis with conventional electron impact ionization methods. Accordingly, electrospray ionization (ESI) is the favored method for vaporizing and ionizing biomolecules as it circumvents rapid fragmentation and enables the recording of mass signals for the entire biomolecule.
ESI utilizes electrical energy to transfer ions from the liquid phase of the sample into the...
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Elution Process01:05

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Elution Process

In High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), the elution process is critical to the separation of analytes and the quality of chromatographic results. Elution describes how compounds move through the column and separate based on their interactions with the mobile and stationary phases. This process determines the resolution, peak shape, and retention times in the chromatogram, which are essential for identifying and quantifying components in complex mixtures. Understanding the elution...
Ion-Exchange Chromatography01:09

Ion-Exchange Chromatography

Ion-exchange chromatography, or IEC, is a technique for separating ions based on their affinity for the stationary phase. The stationary phase is a cross-linked polymer resin with covalently attached ionic functional groups. The functional groups can be either positively charged (cation exchangers) or negatively charged (anion exchangers). A cation exchanger consists of a polymeric anion and active cations, while an anion exchanger is a polymeric cation with active anions. The choice of...
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Instrumentation00:57

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Instrumentation

High-performance liquid chromatography, or HPLC, is an analytical technique that separates liquid samples under high pressures. An HPLC instrument consists of glass bottles for storing solvents called mobile phase reservoirs. HPLC-grade solvents are used to maintain high purity, and the dissolved gases are removed using a degasser, such as a vacuum pumping system or sparging with helium. The solvents are then pumped into the analytical column using a screw-driven syringe or reciprocating pumps.
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Introduction01:11

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Introduction

High-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC), formerly referred to as High-pressure liquid chromatography, is a powerful technique used to separate, identify, and quantify components in complex mixtures. The term "high pressure" refers to using high pressure to push the liquid mobile phase through the tightly packed columns.
In HPLC, two phases play a critical role in the separation process:
Capillary Electrophoresis: Instrumentation01:20

Capillary Electrophoresis: Instrumentation

Capillary electrophoresis instrumentation typically consists of several key components. A high-voltage power supply generates the electric field necessary for the separation by connecting to an anode (the positively charged electrode) and a cathode (the negatively charged electrode) located in buffer reservoirs at each end of the capillary tube. The system includes a sample vial, a fused silica capillary tube coated with polyimide for mechanical strength through which the sample components...

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High-throughput and Comprehensive Drug Surveillance Using Multisegment Injection-Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry
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Electrosonic spray ionization--an ideal interface for high-flow liquid chromatography applications.

Stefan Schmid1, Matthias C Jecklin, Renato Zenobi

  • 1ETH Zurich, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, CH-8093 Zürich Switzerland.

Journal of Chromatography. A
|May 6, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Electrosonic spray ionization (ESSI) offers superior signal intensity and linearity compared to electrospray ionization (ESI) for liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. ESSI is a robust alternative for high-flow-rate LC-MS, preserving thermally sensitive molecules.

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Time-resolved ElectroSpray Ionization Hydrogen-deuterium Exchange Mass Spectrometry for Studying Protein Structure and Dynamics

Published on: April 17, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Mass Spectrometry
  • Chromatography

Background:

  • Electrospray ionization (ESI) is a common interface for liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS).
  • ESI typically requires low sample flow rates, necessitating post-column splitting or micro/nano LC systems.
  • Post-column splitting in ESI can lead to diffusion issues and increased maintenance for nano LC systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate Electrosonic spray ionization (ESSI) as an alternative LC-MS interface.
  • To compare the performance of ESSI with pneumatically assisted ESI at various flow rates.
  • To assess ESSI's suitability for high-flow-rate and ultra-high-performance LC applications.

Main Methods:

  • Comparison of ESSI and pneumatically assisted ESI using mass spectrometry detection.
  • Experiments conducted with sample flow rates up to 3.0 mL/min for ESSI.
  • Calibration studies using Val-Tyr-Val and Met-Enkephalin peptides to assess linearity.

Main Results:

  • ESSI demonstrated significantly higher signal intensities than commercial ESI sources across all experiments.
  • ESSI effectively handled high sample flow rates (up to 3.0 mL/min) without substantial signal loss.
  • ESSI exhibited excellent linearity over a wide concentration range (0.1-100 μM), outperforming ESI's limited range (0.1-20 μM).

Conclusions:

  • ESSI is a robust and efficient interface for LC-MS, particularly for high-flow-rate applications.
  • ESSI eliminates the need for post-column splitting, simplifying LC-MS setups and reducing diffusion.
  • ESSI's ability to operate without heated nebulizer gas aids in preserving the integrity of thermally labile compounds.