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Related Concept Videos

Raman Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

Raman Spectroscopy: Overview

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The underlying principle of Raman spectroscopy is based on the interaction between light and matter, specifically molecules' inelastic scattering of photons. When a monochromatic beam of light, typically from a laser source, interacts with a sample, most scattered light has the same frequency as the incident light. This is known as Rayleigh scattering.
However, a small fraction of the scattered light exhibits a frequency shift due to the exchange of energy between the incident photons and...
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Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview01:26

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A conventional Raman spectrophotometer includes a laser source, a sample holding system, a wavelength selector, and a detector.
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NMR Spectroscopy: Chemical Shift Overview01:15

NMR Spectroscopy: Chemical Shift Overview

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The position of the absorption signal of a sample is reported relative to the position of the signal of tetramethylsilane (TMS), which is added as an internal reference while recording spectra. The difference between the absorption frequencies of the sample and TMS (in Hz) is divided by the spectrometer operating frequency (in MHz) to obtain a dimensionless quantity called the chemical shift. It is reported on the δ (delta) scale and expressed in parts per million.
For instance, the proton...
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Chemical Formulas02:52

Chemical Formulas

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A chemical formula presents information about the proportions of atoms constituting a particular chemical compound or molecule, mainly using symbols of elements and numbers. At times other symbols, such as dashes, parentheses, brackets, commas, plus, and minus signs, are also used. A chemical formula can be one of three types – molecular, empirical, and structural.
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Chemical Equations03:10

Chemical Equations

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Chemical equations represent the identities and relative quantities of substances involved in a chemical reaction. The substances undergoing reaction are called reactants, and their formulas are placed on the left side of the equation. The substances generated by the reaction are called products, and their formulas are placed on the right side of the equation. Plus signs (+) separate individual reactant and product formulas, and an arrow (→) separates the reactant and product (left and right)...
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Chemical Reactions01:19

Chemical Reactions

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A chemical reaction is a process by which the bonds in the atoms of substances are rearranged to generate new substances. Matter cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction—the same type and number of atoms that make up the reactants are still present in the products. Merely, the rearrangement of chemical bonds produces new compounds.
Chemical Reactions Rearrange Atoms into New Substances
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Author Spotlight: Tracking Electrochemistry on Single Nanoparticles with Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Spectroscopy and Microscopy
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Nanoscale Chemical Analysis of Heterogeneous Catalysts Using Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy.

Naresh Kumar1, Li-Qing Zheng2, Andrew J Pollard3

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich CH-8093, Switzerland.

Chemical Reviews
|February 4, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) offers nanoscale chemical insights into heterogeneous catalysis. This review guides researchers on applying TERS for advanced catalyst design and understanding complex reactions.

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Area of Science:

  • Chemical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Heterogeneous catalysts are crucial for industry, but their design is challenged by surface complexity.
  • Traditional methods average properties, missing nanoscale details vital for catalytic function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) as a powerful tool for analyzing heterogeneous catalysis.
  • To highlight TERS's capability for nanoscale chemical specificity in various environments.

Main Methods:

  • Introduction to TERS principles and instrumentation.
  • Comprehensive assessment of ex situ, in situ, and operando TERS studies in catalysis.
  • Discussion of challenges and future directions for operando TERS.

Main Results:

  • TERS provides single-molecule sensitivity and Ångström-scale resolution.
  • The technique enables label-free, non-destructive probing of catalytic reactions.
  • Mechanistic insights unique to TERS are accessible across diverse catalytic systems.

Conclusions:

  • TERS is a versatile approach for nanoscale chemical analysis in heterogeneous catalysis.
  • Advancing operando TERS is key for understanding realistic reaction conditions.
  • This review serves as a guide for applying TERS in catalyst research.