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Related Concept Videos

Genome Annotation and Assembly03:36

Genome Annotation and Assembly

The genome refers to all of the genetic material in an organism. It can range from a few million base pairs in microbial cells to several billion base pairs in many eukaryotic organisms. Genome assembly refers to the process of taking the DNA sequencing data and putting it all back together in a correct order to create a close representation of the original genome. This is followed by the identification of functional elements on the newly assembled genome, a process called genome annotation.
Cis-regulatory Sequences02:02

Cis-regulatory Sequences

Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...
Structure of a Gene01:30

Structure of a Gene

A gene is the fundamental unit of heredity. Every individual has two copies of each gene, one inherited from each parent. Although most people contain the same genes, there is a small fraction that is slightly different amongst people. A gene with a small difference in its sequence of DNA bases forms different alleles, contributing to different phenotypes.
However, only 1% of the DNA is composed of genes that encode proteins; the rest, 99% is non-coding DNA. This non-coding DNA performs...
Prokaryotic Gene Structure and Organization01:28

Prokaryotic Gene Structure and Organization

Prokaryotic genomes exhibit a streamlined organization of coding and non-coding regions essential for gene expression and protein synthesis. While coding regions contain the genetic instructions for proteins or functional RNAs, non-coding regions regulate the precise transcription and translation of these genes.Coding Regions: Proteins and RNAsThe primary coding regions, known as structural genes, include sequences transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA) and ultimately translated into...
Genetic Screens02:46

Genetic Screens

Genetic screens are tools used to identify genes and mutations responsible for phenotypes of interest. Genetic screens help identify individuals or a group of people at risk of developing  genetic diseases and help them with early intervention, targeted therapy, and reproductive options.
Forward genetic screens
Forward or “classical” genetic screens involve creating random mutations in an organism’s DNA using radiation, mutagens, or insertion of additional bases, which result in visible changes...
Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons02:54

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...

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Methods and strategies for gene structure curation in WormBase.

G W Williams1, P A Davis, A S Rogers

  • 1WormBase Group, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambs, UK. gw3@sanger.ac.uk

Database : the Journal of Biological Databases and Curation
|May 6, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

WormBase refines Caenorhabditis elegans gene structures using computational methods and literature data. A new curation tool integrates diverse sources to improve gene annotation accuracy for this model organism.

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Bioinformatics
  • Nematode Biology

Background:

  • The Caenorhabditis elegans genome, the first for a multicellular organism, was published over a decade ago.
  • WormBase has accumulated a decade of experience in curating its genome sequence and gene structures.
  • WormBase serves as a central repository for nematode biology research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the evolution of gene structure curation methods at WormBase.
  • To identify challenges encountered with different curation approaches.
  • To introduce a new integrated tool for improving gene structure annotation accuracy.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing sequence similarity and computational analyses for gene structure refinement.
  • Incorporating data from scientific literature and community-submitted annotations.
  • Developing and implementing the WormBase 'curation tool' for data integration.

Main Results:

  • WormBase has employed and evaluated various gene structure curation strategies.
  • The 'curation tool' integrates multiple data sources to aid in identifying and correcting gene structures.
  • Ongoing refinement of C. elegans gene annotations is crucial for biological research.

Conclusions:

  • Gene structure curation in C. elegans is an evolving process.
  • Integrated tools are essential for accurate and efficient genome annotation.
  • WormBase continues to enhance the quality of C. elegans genomic data.