Comparison of different antisense oligonucleotides against the BCR/ABL junction in chronic myelogenous leukemia

The activity of the BCR/ABL hybrid gene is associated with a growth advantage of the chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) stem cell. Suppression of BCR/ABL hybrid gene expression can be a valuable tool for leukemic cell purging. Antisense oligonucleotides (ODNs) have the capacity to specifically downregulate gene expression. Data reported on the effect they have on BCR/ABL hybrid gene expression are controversial. We present data illustrating that prolongation of ODN half-life by means of chemical or sequence modification has only limited specific growth suppressive effect on BCR/ABL-positive clonogenic cells in vitro. Compared to unmodified phosphodiester ODNs (PO-ODNs) spanning the BCR/ABL junctions, modified ODNs with either a 3'-GC-clamp (GC-ODNs) or ODNs with one 3'-inverted nucleotide (3'-3' ODNs) to prevent 3'-exonuclease degradation, showed significantly prolonged extra- and intracellular half lives and different subcellular distributions in CML cell lines. In clonogenic assays from patients with CML, the modified ODNs were to some extent able to reduce colonies expressing BCR/ABL (GC-ODNs >3'-3'-ODNs >PO-ODNs). This difference did not become significant statistically. We demonstrate a substantially diminished hybridization efficacy of the modified antisense ODNs used, which may serve as a possible explanation for the failure to augment the leukemic cell purging efficacy.