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Related Concept Videos

Adherens Junctions01:24

Adherens Junctions

Strong contact points between adjacent cells anchor them to each other, forming tissues. Such anchoring junctions are of two types –  adherens junctions and desmosomes. Adherens junctions are abundant in tissues such as  epithelium and endothelium, forming a continuous zone of adhesion called the adhesion belt. In other tissues, such as  heart muscle, they appear as clusters, linking the cells to produce coordinated heart muscle contraction.
Adherens Junctions are Dynamic
The endothelial cells...
Cadherins in Tissue Organization01:19

Cadherins in Tissue Organization

The cadherins are a superfamily of cell adhesion molecules comprising over 180 variants, with specific tissues expressing a particular combination of cadherin types. Cadherins generally exhibit homophilic binding; i.e., cadherins on one cell bind to cadherins of the same or closely related type on another cell. Thus, cells of the same type have a specific affinity to bind to each other and sort themselves into clusters to form tissues.
Cell Sorting During Development
Cell sorting plays an...
Structure of Cadherins01:25

Structure of Cadherins

The cadherins were one of the first cell adhesion molecules discovered; the term “cadherins”   is based on their calcium-dependent adhering properties. The first cadherins discovered on the epithelial, neuronal, and placental cells were named E-cadherin, P-cadherin, and N-cadherin, respectively. These classical cadherins share sequence and structural similarities. Other cadherins, including those involved in cell signaling, are grouped into non-classical cadherins. This diversity of cadherins...
Mechanisms of Membrane Domain Formation00:59

Mechanisms of Membrane Domain Formation

Different physical properties of lipids and proteins allow them to localize and form distinct islands or domains in the membrane. Some membrane domains are formed due to protein-protein interactions, whereas others are formed due to the presence of specific lipids such as sphingolipids and sterols—for example, large proteins, such as bacteriorhodopsin, aggregate and create distinct domains.
Another mechanism for membrane domain formation involves membrane proteins interacting with cytoskeletal...
Desmosomes01:05

Desmosomes

The term desmosome derives from the Greek words "desmo" and "soma" meaning "adhesion bodies." This structure was first observed during the late 1800s and described as small, dense nodules in the epidermis. Desmosomes are button-like structures that help form an interlinked network of intermediate filaments across the cells. These junctions are  essential to hold cells together under mechanical stress and to maintain tissue integrity. Desmosomes are multi-protein complexes comprising desmosomal...
Cell Adhesion Molecules - Types and Functions01:20

Cell Adhesion Molecules - Types and Functions

Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are pivotal to multicellularity and the coordinated functioning of tissues and organ systems. They enable physical interactions between cells and provide mechanical strength to tissues. They also function as receptors for signal transmission across the plasma membrane. The CAMs are broadly classified into four families - integrins, cadherins, selectins, and immunoglobulin-like CAMs (IgCAMs).
CAM Families
The Integrin family of proteins is primarily  involved in a...

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Bead Aggregation Assays for the Characterization of Putative Cell Adhesion Molecules
08:15

Bead Aggregation Assays for the Characterization of Putative Cell Adhesion Molecules

Published on: October 17, 2014

Order and disorder in corneocyte adhesion.

Akemi Ishida-Yamamoto1, Satomi Igawa, Mari Kishibe

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan. akemi@asahikawa-med.ac.jp

The Journal of Dermatology
|May 7, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Corneodesmosome degradation impacts skin thickness and appearance. Abnormalities in this process are linked to various skin diseases, affecting skin barrier function.

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Epidermal cornified cells utilize corneodesmosomes for cell-cell adhesion.
  • Corneodesmosome degradation is crucial for regulating stratum corneum thickness and skin surface texture.
  • Key components include desmoglein 1, desmocollin 1, and corneodesmosin, with intracellular cross-linking into cornified cell envelopes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of corneodesmosome degradation in skin structure and disease.
  • To investigate the spatial regulation of corneodesmosome degradation and potential involvement of tight junctions.
  • To link defects in corneodesmosome components and degradation pathways to specific skin pathologies.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of corneodesmosome structure and degradation patterns.

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Adhesion Frequency Assay for In Situ Kinetics Analysis of Cross-Junctional Molecular Interactions at the Cell-Cell Interface
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Adhesion Frequency Assay for In Situ Kinetics Analysis of Cross-Junctional Molecular Interactions at the Cell-Cell Interface

Published on: November 2, 2011

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Bead Aggregation Assays for the Characterization of Putative Cell Adhesion Molecules
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Ligand Nano-cluster Arrays in a Supported Lipid Bilayer
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Adhesion Frequency Assay for In Situ Kinetics Analysis of Cross-Junctional Molecular Interactions at the Cell-Cell Interface
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Published on: November 2, 2011

  • Investigation of genetic defects in corneodesmosin.
  • Study of protease inhibitors affecting corneodesmosome breakdown.
  • Examination of skin diseases associated with abnormal corneodesmosome degradation.

    • Main Results:

    • Corneodesmosomes degrade centrally, while peripheral ones remain intact until the skin surface.
    • Genetic defects in corneodesmosin or protease inhibition lead to rapid skin shedding and barrier defects (e.g., Netherton syndrome).
    • Dysfunctional corneodesmosome degradation is implicated in common conditions like ichthyosis vulgaris, atopic dermatitis, and psoriasis.

    Conclusions:

    • Corneodesmosome integrity and regulated degradation are vital for normal skin barrier function.
    • Disruptions in corneodesmosome processing contribute to a spectrum of skin disorders, from rare genetic syndromes to common dermatoses.
    • Further research into tight junction roles may elucidate spatial degradation differences.