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Related Concept Videos

Spinal Nerves: Plexus I01:22

Spinal Nerves: Plexus I

Nerve plexuses are networks of interlacing nerves that serve as communication hubs to distribute and organize nerve action across various body regions. The nerve plexuses are organized into the cervical plexus located in the neck region, brachial plexus in the shoulder area, lumbar plexus found in the lower back, sacral plexus situated in the pelvis, and coccygeal plexus located in the coccygeal region.
The Cervical Plexus
The cervical plexus, formed by the anterior rami of the first four...
Muscles of the Shoulder01:23

Muscles of the Shoulder

The muscles surrounding the shoulder girdle, including the clavicle and scapula, primarily stabilize the scapula. This stable base allows other muscles to move the humerus effectively. Scapular movements often mirror those of the humerus and extend its range of motion. For instance, raising the arm above the head would not be feasible without simultaneous upward rotation of the scapula.
Anterior Thoracic Muscles
The anterior thoracic muscles include the serratus anterior, subclavius, and...
Muscles that Move the Arm01:31

Muscles that Move the Arm

Nine muscles are involved in arm movements. Two of these, the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi, originate from the axial skeleton and are called axial muscles. The other seven originate from the scapula and are called the scapular muscles.
The pectoralis major has two origins. Its clavicular head originates on the medial half of the clavicle. In contrast, the sternocostal head originates on the costal cartilages of ribs 1-6, the sternum, and the aponeurosis of the external oblique of the...
Arteries of the Upper Limbs01:12

Arteries of the Upper Limbs

The subclavian artery transitions into the axillary artery as it exits the chest and enters the axillary region. This artery is critical for supplying blood to the shoulder area, including the head of the humerus, through the humeral circumflex arteries. As the vessel continues into the upper arm or brachium, it becomes the brachial artery. This artery plays a key role in vascularizing the brachial region and bifurcates at the elbow into several branches. These branches include the deep...
Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus01:19

Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus

The upper limb consists of the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand bones. The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm region. Proximally, it has a large, spherical, smooth head that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the glenohumeral or shoulder joint. The margin of the head is the anatomical neck, a residual epiphyseal plate. Laterally it extends to form bony projections called the greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle. Next to the tubercles is the surgical neck, a...
Muscles that Move the Head01:19

Muscles that Move the Head

The muscles that move the head are a dynamic and complex group of structures that work together to facilitate a wide range of head movements, including rotation, flexion, extension, and lateral bending.
The bilateral sternocleidomastoid, or SCM, and the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles are significant head flexors. The SCM muscles originate at the sternum and clavicle and attach to the mastoid process of the temporal bone. The SCM contracts bilaterally to bend the head forward, whereas...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Nerve Ultrasound Protocol to Detect Dysimmune Neuropathies
08:56

Nerve Ultrasound Protocol to Detect Dysimmune Neuropathies

Published on: October 7, 2021

The nerves around the shoulder.

Alain Blum1, Sophie Lecocq, Matthias Louis

  • 1Service d'Imagerie GUILLOZ, CHU Nancy, Nancy 54000, France. alain.blum@gmail.com

European Journal of Radiology
|May 7, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Shoulder neuropathies, often suprascapular neuropathy, cause sport-related pain. Diagnosis is aided by MRI and clinical history, distinguishing it from Parsonage-Turner syndrome.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Neurology
  • Sports Medicine

Background:

  • Shoulder neuropathies are entrapment syndromes, common in sports injuries.
  • Suprascapular neuropathy accounts for many cases, often with delayed diagnosis due to vague symptoms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the diagnosis and management of shoulder neuropathies.
  • To highlight the role of imaging and differential diagnoses.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical diagnosis, electromyography (EMG), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
  • Discussion of differential diagnoses, including Parsonage-Turner syndrome.
  • Consideration of ultrasound- or CT-guided interventions.

Main Results:

  • MRI detects muscular abnormalities in 50% of cases; muscle edema is characteristic but nonspecific.
  • Topography of edema, nerve compression, and clinical history are key diagnostic factors.
  • Atrophy and fatty degeneration may persist but are rarely symptomatic.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate diagnosis of shoulder neuropathies requires integrating clinical findings with imaging.
  • Differentiating from Parsonage-Turner syndrome is crucial.
  • Interventions like cyst puncture may be indicated for nerve compression.