Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Qualitative and Quantitative Validation of Tools with Rating Scales Aimed at Assessing the Quality of University Service-Learning
Published on: August 29, 2025
[Evaluation of the German version of the STAR scale]
Stefanie Kristiane Gairing1, Matthias Jäger, Daniel Ketteler
1Klinik für Soziale Psychiatrie und Allgemeinpsychiatrie, Psychiatrische Universitätsklinik Zürich, Schweiz.
Objective:
The assessment of the therapeutic relationship has become increasingly important due to evidence suggesting that it has a direct therapeutic effect and may improve outcome indirectly. In Great Britain and Sweden the STAR (Scale To Assess Therapeutic Relationship) was developed for pan-theoretical assessment of therapeutic relationships from both clinicians' and patients' points of view. We translated the English version of the instrument into German and made an analysis of its feasibility and reliability.
Methods:
The German translation (STAR-D) was generated in a consensus procedure. The STAR-D was then administered to 100 patients admitted to the Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich (STAR-P) and their clinicians in charge (STAR-C). The psychometric qualities of feasibility and reliability were assessed.
Results:
The overall results for the scales in terms of feasibility and reliability were satisfactory. We did, however, find shortcomings concerning the subscales. They could not be extracted in the principal component analysis and showed high inter-correlation coefficients.
Conclusions:
STAR can serve as an important tool in research concerning the therapeutic relationship. We suggest conducting further analyses concerning the validity of the subscales in the German version.
Related Concept Videos
Review and Preview
Percentiles are a type of fractile that partition data into...
Testing a Claim about Standard Deviation
The hypothesis testing for the claim of population standard deviation (or variance) requires the data and samples to be random and unbiased. The population distribution also must be normal. There is no specific requirement on the sample size as the estimation is based on the chi-square distribution.
As a first step, the hypothesis (null and alternative) concerning the claim about...
Introduction to z Scores
z scores help...
Introduction to z Scores
z scores help...
Social Foundations of Self III: Self-Evaluation
Self-Evaluation Maintenance Model
