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Acute Pancreatitis II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

Acute Pancreatitis II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

Acute pancreatitis presents a complex medical emergency characterized by rapid onset inflammation of the pancreas, demanding timely diagnosis and management to prevent complications. The condition primarily manifests through severe upper abdominal pain that often radiates to the back. This pain intensifies following the consumption of fatty foods. Accompanying symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal distention, fever, dyspnea, cyanosis, and jaundice can vary in intensity but significantly...

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Acute pancreatitis is the sudden inflammation of the pancreas caused by the early activation of digestive enzymes, leading to the autodigestion of pancreatic tissue. This results in local inflammation and, in severe cases, systemic complications.EtiologyUnderstanding the underlying causes is crucial, as identifying the etiology guides treatment and anticipates complications. Acute pancreatitis can be triggered by various factors, typically grouped into the following clinical categories.Biliary...

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas, an organ located behind the stomach. It can be either acute or chronic.
Acute pancreatitis is characterized by rapid inflammation of the pancreas, often caused by factors like gallstone blockage or excessive alcohol consumption. Chronic pancreatitis, on the other hand, is a slow, progressive inflammation that may result from long-term alcohol abuse, obstructions in the pancreatic duct, or genetic factors.
The causes of acute pancreatitis include:

Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction

Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction

Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the renal parenchyma and collecting system, including the renal pelvis, tubules, and interstitial tissue of one or both kidneys. It can be classified as either acute—a sudden, severe infection—or chronic, which refers to long-term or recurrent kidney infections.The primary cause of acute pyelonephritis (APN) is bacterial infection, with Escherichia coli accounting for approximately 70-80% of cases. Other bacteria, such as Proteus,...

Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

Introduction:For diagnosing acute pyelonephritis, a comprehensive patient history is collected to identify symptoms such as dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, flank pain, or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that may suggest a kidney infection.Physical ExaminationDuring the physical examination, CVA tenderness is assessed. This involves gentle percussion over the costovertebral angle, where tenderness often indicates a kidney infection.Diagnostic TestsUrinalysis: Used to identify white...

Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction

Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction

Intervertebral disc herniation refers to the displacement of the nucleus pulposus (the gel-like inner core of the disc) through a tear or weakened area in the annulus fibrosus (the outer fibrous ring). The displaced disc material extends beyond the normal boundaries of the disc space and may compress or irritate nearby spinal nerve roots or, less commonly, the spinal cord.Etiology and Risk FactorsHerniation commonly results from degeneration, in which aging reduces disc hydration and...

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Biomechanical Changes Related to Low Back Pain: An Innovative Tool for Movement Pattern Assessment and Treatment Evaluation in Rehabilitation

Biomechanical Changes Related to Low Back Pain: An Innovative Tool for Movement Pattern Assessment and Treatment Evaluation in Rehabilitation

Published on: December 13, 2024

Low back pain (acute).

Greg McIntosh¹, Hamilton Hall

¹CBI Health Group Research Dept, Toronto, ON, Canada.

BMJ Clinical Evidence

|May 10, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This systematic review examines treatments for acute low back pain, finding various drug and non-drug interventions. Evidence quality varies, highlighting the need for informed treatment choices for persistent or recurrent back pain.

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Treating Low Back Pain in Failed Back Surgery Patients with Multicolumn-lead Spinal Cord Stimulation

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Biomechanical Changes Related to Low Back Pain: An Innovative Tool for Movement Pattern Assessment and Treatment Evaluation in Rehabilitation

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Treating Low Back Pain in Failed Back Surgery Patients with Multicolumn-lead Spinal Cord Stimulation

Treating Low Back Pain in Failed Back Surgery Patients with Multicolumn-lead Spinal Cord Stimulation

Published on: June 26, 2018

Area of Science:

Evidence-based medicine
Clinical effectiveness research
Pain management

Background:

Low back pain affects a majority of people, with significant rates of persistent moderate-to-severe pain and recurrence.
Acute episodes may not fully resolve and can escalate in severity and duration over time.

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically review the effects of oral drug treatments for acute low back pain.
To evaluate the effects of local injection therapies for acute low back pain.
To assess the effectiveness of non-drug treatments for acute low back pain.

Main Methods:

Systematic review of 49 systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and observational studies.
Searched major databases (Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library) up to December 2009.
Included safety alerts from regulatory agencies like the FDA and MHRA.

Main Results:

A comprehensive list of interventions was evaluated, including pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches.
GRADE methodology was used to assess the quality of evidence for each intervention.
Data from numerous studies were synthesized to inform clinical decision-making.

Conclusions:

Effectiveness and safety data were compiled for interventions such as acupuncture, exercise, analgesics, NSAIDs, spinal manipulation, and TENS.
The review provides a broad overview of available treatments for acute low back pain.
Information presented aids in understanding the evidence base for various therapeutic options.