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Related Concept Videos

Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue01:15

Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue

In the CNS, neurogenesis, the birth of new neurons from stem cells, is limited to the hippocampus in adults. In other regions of the brain and spinal cord, neurogenesis is almost non-existent due to inhibitory influences from neuroglia, especially oligodendrocytes, and the absence of growth-stimulating cues. The myelin produced by oligodendrocytes in the CNS inhibits neuronal regeneration. Furthermore, astrocytes proliferate rapidly after neuronal damage, forming scar tissue that physically...
Neurons: The Axon01:21

Neurons: The Axon

Axons are long, cytoplasmic processes of nerve cells capable of propagating electrical impulses known as action potentials. The cytoplasm or axoplasm of an axon contains neurofibrils, neurotubules, small vesicles, lysosomes, mitochondria, and various enzymes, all encased within the axolemma, the plasma membrane of the axon.
The axon attaches to the cell body at a cone-shaped elevation called the axon hillock. The initial part of the axon, closest to the hillock, is known as the initial segment.
Action Potentials01:41

Action Potentials

Overview
Action Potential01:14

Action Potential

Neurons communicate by firing action potentials—the electrochemical signal that is propagated along the axon. The signal results in the release of neurotransmitters at axon terminals, thereby transmitting information to the nervous system. An action potential is a specific "all-or-none" change in membrane potential that results in a rapid spike in voltage.
Membrane potential in neurons
Neurons typically have a resting membrane potential of about -70 millivolts (mV). When they receive...
Action Potential01:14

Action Potential

Neurons communicate by firing action potentials—the electrochemical signal that is propagated along the axon. The signal results in the release of neurotransmitters at axon terminals, thereby transmitting information to the nervous system. An action potential is a specific "all-or-none" change in membrane potential that results in a rapid spike in voltage.
Membrane potential in neurons
Neurons typically have a resting membrane potential of about -70 millivolts (mV). When they receive...
Propagation of Action Potentials01:23

Propagation of Action Potentials

The propagation of an action potential refers to the process by which a nerve impulse, or "action potential," travels along a neuron.
Neurons (nerve cells) have a resting membrane potential, with a slightly negative charge inside compared to outside. This is maintained by ion channels, such as sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) channels, which control the flow of ions. When a stimulus, like a touch or a signal from another neuron, triggers the neuron, sodium channels open, allowing sodium ions to...

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Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Genetic Study of Axon Regeneration with Cultured Adult Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons
09:42

Genetic Study of Axon Regeneration with Cultured Adult Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons

Published on: August 17, 2012

Some hypotheses concerning axon regeneration.

D L Wilson1, G W Perry

  • 1Department of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL. 33101 (U.S.A.) Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL. 33101 (U.S.A.).

Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience
|May 10, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The neuron

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An Ex Vivo Laser-induced Spinal Cord Injury Model to Assess Mechanisms of Axonal Degeneration in Real-time
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An Ex Vivo Laser-induced Spinal Cord Injury Model to Assess Mechanisms of Axonal Degeneration in Real-time

Published on: November 25, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Genetic Study of Axon Regeneration with Cultured Adult Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons
09:42

Genetic Study of Axon Regeneration with Cultured Adult Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons

Published on: August 17, 2012

An Ex Vivo Laser-induced Spinal Cord Injury Model to Assess Mechanisms of Axonal Degeneration in Real-time
11:18

An Ex Vivo Laser-induced Spinal Cord Injury Model to Assess Mechanisms of Axonal Degeneration in Real-time

Published on: November 25, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Axon regeneration is crucial for neural repair after injury.
  • Understanding the molecular mechanisms is key to developing therapeutic strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review hypotheses on axon regeneration mechanisms.
  • To present new data on signaling molecules and gene expression.
  • To evaluate factors influencing mammalian central nervous system (CNS) neuron regeneration.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing scientific literature.
  • Identification and characterization of signaling molecules.
  • Analysis of gene induction and protein synthesis/transport rates.

Main Results:

  • A novel molecule with properties of an initiation signal for axon regeneration was identified.
  • The correlation between gene induction and nerve regeneration is not as strong as previously thought.
  • Growth-associated proteins are induced, even transiently, in abortive regeneration attempts.

Conclusions:

  • The cellular environment at the site of damage is a primary determinant of axon regeneration success.
  • Mammalian CNS neurons can support axon regrowth if provided with an appropriate environment.
  • The hypothesis that failure to induce growth-associated proteins prevents CNS regeneration is likely incorrect.